The Beauty Standards Set For African American Women

The beauty standards set for African American women has shifted drastically in the past decades due to the change in popularized stereotypical images portrayed through the explicit lyrics of hip hop and rap music. How African American women are portrayed in the music industry has had a profound impact on how black women view themselves as well as other races, it promotes unrealistic body sizes/images, and colorism in the black community because of how the new age rap and hip hop stigmatizes and sexualize the Black woman’s body as a whole. Not only are males rap artist contributing to the exploitation of African woman but also the women of rap as well are adding to the derogatory and disrespectful image that is perceived by society. Music has always served as a channel for African American men to eloquent the issues they have living as an oppressed entity. But because of how rap artist portray African American women in their songs and music videos, they have stigmatized black women as non-intelligent sexual entities. In Dionne Stephens’ and April Few’s article, they examine the eight sexual images of African American woman in today’s society which originated from Stephens and Philips study in 2003. The widely accepted images are the â€Å"Diva, the Gold digger, the Freak, the Dyke, the Gangster Bitch, the Sister Savior, the Earth Mother, and the Baby Mama† and they are portrayed in the hip hop music industry and culture. (Stephens and Few) These categories that society places theShow MoreRelatedBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesImage in the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American communityRead MoreAfrican American Women s Assimilation Into White Culture770 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal thought to African-Americans, especially African-American women, audience about why African-American hated themselves and wanted to be white. This self-hatred and desire to be white stems from the pressure to absorb and assimilate to white culture, which calls for African-American women to deny their race completely. This is perpetuated by which is proliferated practices and rhetoric that suggest that being African-American is equ ated to being inferior. Thus African-American women have sustainedRead MoreThe Beauty Standards Of America1099 Words   |  5 PagesCommon standards set by society are deemed as appropriate for all people no matter what race. American people are very diverse and what is acceptable to gender, age or race differs from person to person. More specifically, American women share complaints regarding the unrealistic beauty standards that are set by the media and society. Many women complain that it is not fair that they are judged by their outer appearance and are viewed as not beautiful enough, or not normal when they do not conformRead MoreDiscrimination Based Upon The Tone Of One s Skin Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world. Although colorism is a worldwide issue, it is unique to African Americans due to the experience of slavery and its long-term psychological effects. African American men and women both experience colorism but the psychological effects are more prominent in women. Women in the black community are greatly affected by colorism starting at a young age. This is due to the history of the European standard of beauty in North America which plays a big role in how it affects their self-imageRead MoreThe Role Of Social Media On Women1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthe influenced constructed standards affect women long term and what exactly influences how girls act, look and think about themselves? Starting from a youth age through adolescence, which is the average age of still trying to figure out their identity, and in many cases lasting until adulthood, girls compare themselves and set their mindset to look like the celebrities they watch in T.V., magazines, music videos or movies.Yet, the issue is that by watching these women in tight dresses and such exquisiteRead MoreAfrican-American Beauty1684 Words   |  7 PagesTiffany What Is Beauty to the Young Black Female? There’s more to me that the human eye can see. I’m a woman of purpose and destiny. A perfect design, I’m special and unique. I won’t be identified by the parts that make up my physique. My beauty is not defined by my skin or my hair and my soul has more value than the clothes that I wear. I’m not a symbol of pleasure or sex appeal; I have the natural ability to comfort and the power to heal. When God made me, He created aRead MoreThe Perfect Body Campaign : Advertisement1214 Words   |  5 PagesCampaign: Advertisement 1† portrays pale bodies juxtaposed against an achromatic backdrop, each either slyly looking away or smiling coquettishly at the camera. Thick, sizable lettering fills the center of the image audaciously proclaiming that these women have â€Å"The Perfect Body†. Each woman wears a matching bra and pantie. Their bodies are svelte with at least one of their feet angled into a pointed position as if they are dancing their way into the viewers’ bedrooms. A darker figure occupies the centerRead More Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: The American Way1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bluest Eye: The American Way  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Ownership, class structures, and consumerism go hand in hand. Morrison illustrates this throughout the novel and in the characters identities. Many of the characters identify themselves based on material possessions: the simple ownership of a car, the use of consumer products, and property ownership. Although African Americans may take these things for granted now, in the early 1900s this would be considered a major accomplishment. There isRead MoreWoman Is The Nigger Of The Wolrd: The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison934 Words   |  4 Pagesa species. ‘The total absence of human recognition† (Morrison, 36). For decades, African-Americans have not only been looked down upon by white people, they have been dehumanized. Toni Morrison is controversial for pillorying this topic, that has been silenced by white society for years, not from the ‘Master Narrative’ perspective, that is the white male one’s, but from the exact opposite of this: an African-American girl. By doing this, she does not only awake pity for Pecola at the reader but alsoRead MoreEssay on Image of African American Women845 Words   |  4 PagesImage of African American Women Despite the strong presence of the beautiful, powerful, black women in the media, such as Michelle Obama, Oprah Winfrey, and Beyoncà © Knowles, African American females have been deemed unattractive in society’s eyes. These notions did not develop overnight, but remain as obstacles birthed from slavery. These stereotypes keep the black female incarcerated under the belief that they are not beautiful. However, black women have fought and are fighting these harmful perceptions

The Great Wall Of China - 1196 Words

Ancient History Speech Draft Good morning/afternoon. 8 MINUTES Rational – difficulties (finding info, particularly on the topic), why you picked the topic (always wondered about†¦. Fascinating†¦) my presentation includes modules of ________ so you can see the construction of _____ Today I am going to be presenting the Great Wall of China and what political and military reasons it was built for. The construction was a feat of great magnitude and reflected the innovations and technological advancements of the Ancient Chinese. The reason I have decided to focus upon the Ancient Chinese is because I find China a very interesting civilisation. The ancient Chinese civilisation began 7,000 to 8,000 years ago and about 2,500 years ago the civilisation was attacked by the Mongols. The Chinese Government decided to defend itself and so they built a very large wall across the northern Chinese mountains in the 7th century, so therefore 700B.C., and it is located north and northwest of Beijing. This wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China nowadays. The wall was built over 2000 years ago and was 5000km long! The Great Wall of China’s thickness ranges from 4.5m to 9m and is up to 7m tall. The wall was built along mountain ridges, across mountain passes, or across key transportation areas on flat land. The Great Wall was built from materials such as stone, soil, sand and bricks especially for the foundation of the wall. When the bricks were not available to use, theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Wall Of China1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Great Wall] demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people.†(cortland.edu). China is considered one of the world’s oldest civilizations with the first dynasty beginning in 221 B.C.. A famous icon of this great civilization is the Great Wall of China, or known to the Chinese as Wan Li Chang Cheng. During the Warring States period, many feudal societies built their own sections for security. Eventually the walls were connected and there was a unified China. WithRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1641 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Wall of China is known as the largest construction project to be put in effect in all of world history. The wall, also known in China as long wall of 10,000 li, is a collection of n umerous short walls extending along the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. Although it is a common misconception that the Great Wall of China is one long continuous wall, it s structural inconsistency in no way undermines its greatness. The wall has been built, destructed, rebuiltRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1266 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Wall of China James Allen World History 1st period February 1, 2015 The first unified Chinese empire was formed in 221 B.C., that was when seven states were brought together by Shi Huangdi, a conqueror from the state of Qin. Shi Huangdi means â€Å"first emperor.† Until the twentieth century all rulers of imperial China called themselves the emperor. The emperor was believed, by the people of China, to be the son of heaven, God-like. They believed that each ofRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China905 Words   |  4 Pages It has been said that the Great Wall of China is so immense that it can be seen from space with just the human eye. Unfortunately, that is simply a rumor and has been confirmed false. Nonetheless, the Great Wall of China is also the world’s longest wall and biggest piece of ancient architecture, which is still a pretty big deal. Its official length is about 13,170 miles long, more than four times the width of the United States. The wall crosses over ten provinces and cities, including QinghaiRead MoreThe Great Wall of China600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Wall of China is an assemblage of smaller walls built by various dynasties over many years. Builders erected these walls for protection from invasions by those from the north. The Great Wall itself, with a history lasting over 2000 years, measures approximately 5,500 miles in length, although some of the sections lie in ruin or have disappeared altogether. It is about 25 feet high and is 15-30 feet wide. It is the longest man-made structure in the world. In the 7th century B.C. the firstRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China2440 Words   |  10 Pagescollectively achieve the objectives. The Great Wall of China is an example of the history of the success goal of organization. Ming dynasty, Zhengtong Emperor has forced approximately 2 to 3 millions labor to build the defense wall to protect the empire and also border control that could encourage trade. With the Zhengtong Emperor led the organization of collective effort of the people, the result is 8851.8 kilometers of defense wall, with combined of previous built great wall is 21,196 kilometers, becomingRead MoreEssay on The Great Wall of China1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest architectural achievements ever recorded in history. The Great Wall translates to â€Å"long fortress.† The wall was made entirely by hand. It was built to protect the Chinese from intruders from different Nomadic Tribes. The wall is about 5,500 miles long. The wall did not stretch across all of China but it stretched from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West. Some people say that you can even see the wall from the moon! Wouldn’t that be somethingRead More The Great Wall of China Essay2903 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedies, but through this tragedy arose triumph with the wall, being soRead MoreGreat Wall of China Essay example1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China stretches about 5,500 miles long crossing deserts, mountains, grasslands, and plateaus. It took more than 2,000 years to build this incredible manmade structure. Many people died to build this wall. It displays the changes between the agricultural and nomadic civilizations. It proves that the superb structure was very important to military defense. It became a national symbol of the Chinese as a security for their country and its p eople. The Great Wall of China must be preservedRead MoreGreat Wall of China Report Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is truly one of the greatest architectural achievements in recorded history. The longest structure ever built, it is about 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) long and made entirely by hand. This wall is said to be visible from the moon. It crosses Northern China, from the East coast to Central China (Karls, 1). This massive wall is not only one of the ancient wonders of the world, but it also has been the inspiration of many writers and artists. With

Research in Business Social Advertising Techniques

Question: Describe about the Research in Business for Social Advertising Techniques. Answer: Section I Introduction Social advertising is a technique used by the marketers to integrate the marketing concepts to benefit the target consumers and audience for the benefit of social goods that they consume. Social marketing is a form of promoting and advertising the products to the target consumers. The traditional methods of marketing were advertisements and word of mouth or direct selling. With the rise in competition and new businesses, emerging the methods of marketing has changed. Technological advancement and emergence of internet and social media has changed the method of marketing and promotion. Customers rely and consume the goods that are presented in social medium sites such as LinkedIn and twitter (Castronovo and Huang 2012). The purpose of the assignment is to compare social media marketing and traditional methods of marketing and conclude which is better. The purpose of the assignment is to conduct a research on social marketing such as social network and why social media marketing is fur ther persuasive than customary methods of marketing. The most common used traditional methods of marketing that influenced the consumer behavior were word of mouth. The information on the products was acquired from peers and relatives that greatly influenced the purchase decisions of buyers. With the advancement in technology and increase in use of social media, the traditional method of work of mouth was affected by social marketing (Flew 2015). Problem statement Branding is a technique of creating a unique brand image and name in the market to attract loyal customers and achieve competitive advantage. Various factors and methods affect the buying behavior and decision of consumers. The most common factor that influences the buying behavior of consumers is the advertisement and promotion of products. The traditional method of promotion that is word of mouth has been affected by social media marketing. Many social network sites have emerged that used to focus more on social life and lifestyle previously. However, the content of social media sites are changing that focuses and emphasizing the need of people. Shopping has become more easier with the appearance of social medium marketing. The content of social media site ranges from clothing and lifestyle to food and beverages. Acquiring anything at any time and place has become easier with the use of social media marketing. Brand image and name plays a great role in influencing the buying decisi ons of purchasers (Coulter and Roggeveen 2012). Social media marketing helps in creating a unique brand image by broadcasting attractive advertisements in social media sites that will help in increasing consumer awareness. The research aims to study the reasons for success of social media marketing in crafting consumer behavior and the purchase decision. Research objectives and questions The aim of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on the purchase decision of consumers. It also aims at finding that whether social media marketing is persuasive than traditional word of mouth or not. The paper aims at finding the reasons for media and papers being more effective way of promotion than word of mouth. The research is more of informative than quantitative. Research objectives The objectives of the research are as follows: To understand the different techniques of promotion. To find the effects of social media marking on the purchasing decision of consumers. To find whether social media networks is persuasive or traditional word of mouth. To find out the reasons for social media being more effective than traditional word of mouth for influencing the purchase decision of consumers. To find out the root cause for the success of social media in influencing the purchasing decision of consumers. Research questions The questions of the research are as follows: What are the different techniques of promotions? What is the effect of social media marking on the purchasing decision of consumers? Are social media networks more influential than customary word of mouth? What are the reasons for social media being more effectual than conventional word of mouth for influencing the purchase decision of consumers? What is the root causes for the success of social media in influencing the purchasing decision of consumers? What collision does social media marketing have on consumers? Justification of the project The increase in social media sites has greatly influenced the purchase decision of consumers and has greatly affected the traditional word of mouth. Investigation of study is important as to understand which are more influencing social media networks or the traditional word of mouth. Word of mouth was the most common used tools by the consumers to make the purchase decisions. However, with the advancement in technology and increase in number of social media networking sites traditional methods of word of mouth has been greatly affected. Hence, it has become essential to understand how social media has influenced the purchasing decisions of consumers and the reason for the traditional method of word of mouth to fade away. The research indicates the main reason for new companies such as Apple and Zara to become successful is due to its promotion technique that attracts consumers that are loyal in nature (Gensler et al. 2013). The objectives of the research study will help in addressing and presenting the reasonable solution of the problems. Vast amount of people in todays world spend maximum time in surfing internet. Hence, posting advertisements in these sires is likely to influence consumers than the traditional word of mouth. The word of mouth technique is fading away due to differences in the lifestyle and choice of people. The objective of the research is to find whether social media is more influential or the word of mouth that will help in addressing the problems. Expected research outcome The outcomes of this learn will provide an analytical framework for investigating the effect of social media networks on the purchasing decisions of consumers. It is expected that traditional word of mouth has taken over social media marketing as a way of promotion. Consumers are greatly influenced by the advertisements on social media than is affected by the purchase decisions of others. People today spend maximum time in social media sites and hence advertisements of these sites are likely to affect the purchasing decisions of consumers. It is expected that the main reason for the use of social media sites for purchasing products be due to the convenience and the discounts that the company provides to customers (Risselada et al. 2014). The research will benefit the organizations understand the importance of branding and its effect in consumers. It will also help them understand the how important social media has become to create a unique brand image and the ways organizations can o ptimally utilise social media networks. Accessing information about the products has become easier due to social media networks (Goh et al. 2013). Section II Conceptual framework Figure: Conceptual framework (Source: created by author) Research hypothesis The research hypothesis is proposed as follows that is based on problem statement and research objectives: H (0) null hypothesis: Social media networks is persuasive than traditional word of mouth. H (1) Alternate hypothesis: traditional word of mouth is more persuasive than social media marketing. Methodology Literature review The word of mouth was the most influential and most used source of information by the consumers for making a purchase decision in the traditional years. In the initial years word of mouth was considered as the most effective way of promotion. Word of mouth did not require any advertisement and promotion and the information was just transferred by the peer prospects. The consumers could easily trust the product and purchase it (King et al. 2014). Word of mouth was said to be more persuasive in decision making due to its credibility and reliability by consumers. With the advent of internet the traditional word of mouth was affected by social media marketing. The number of social media and networking sites increased. People now a days spend maximum time in surfing internet and social media sites such as facebook, twitter and others (Lee et al. 2012). Hence, any advertisement in these sites is most likely to affect the purchasing decision of consumers. Social media sites provide a larger variety of products and give consumer a larger choice of products due to which they rely on social media sites more. Moreover, the advertisements on social media sites are so attractive that anyone will be influenced to purchase the particular products (Libai et al. 2013). The purchasing decision of consumer is dependent on various factors such as trust, credibility, reliability and awareness. Since it is easy to get all the information of the product on internet easily consumers awareness increases that in turn increases the reliability. Due to differences in the choices and lifestyle of consumers, the consumers will opt for Television, internet and newspaper for accessing the information of the product (Okazaki and Taylor 2013). Social media has become a wide place by marketers for the promotion of products and services. The reason for this is that social media marketing has become more convenient and time saving. There is no need to print out bi llboards and hoardings. The organizations juts need to post an advertisement on social media sites that stars the favorite actors to promote its products (Pfeffer et al. 2014). It is also cost effective. Social media marketing is influential as it has capability of targeting the wider range of customers and market as compared to the traditional word of mouth method. Data series and surveys/Questionnaires (Data collection method) Various methods are taken to collect the appropriate information. The objective of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on customers and its buying behavior. The research philosophy for conducting the research is followed based on the interpretive view in which descriptively every question is answered, and the theory is interpreted based on researcher's interest in the study. It is associated with the philosophical point of idealism in which many effects and methods can be applied to the issue to reflect varied results (Goldkuhl 2012). The interpretive follows the understanding of weak notion; it establishes the relationship between time and context and outlines the problems and solutions to the study. Data is collected using various blogs, articles and books on social media marketing. The questionnaire is prepared that is published online for the survey. Hence, the researcher uses secondary data for its collection and research (Gray 2013). The research approach is based on the idea to identify the questions, problems and give probable solutions for adequate research to the study. In this approach, the relationships are made and then they are tested for the outlined purpose of understanding the certain additional meaning to the research. In this study, statistical tool namely SPSS is used with the questionnaire to derive to a certain conclusion. The quantitative approach is assumed to be more time consuming and cost effective against the researcher's particular situations than an approach that is qualitative in nature (Pickard 2012). Data analysis The next step after collection of data is the analysis of data using various statistical tools that describes the effect of social media marketing on consumers and the difference between social media marketing and traditional methods of promotion. After forming the questions and hypothesis it is essential to test the hypothesis using different tools and methods. For the discussion part qualitative method will be used and the data will be collected from blogs, articles and books. For the quantitative part, the data will be collected from an online survey by preparing a questionnaire and surveying the customers (Time 2012). The data will be tested in an SPSS tool. The statistical tools SPSS calculated the descriptive statistics, regression of the independent variables on the dependent variables. The residuals calculated were plotted on different pie charts, histograms, and bar graphs. . The aim of analysing the data in SPSS tool is to know whether social media marketing and networking is more persuasive than the traditional method of word of mouth (Rezaeian 2014). Research paradigm The researcher has used both the qualitative and quantitative methods to conduct the research. It is more of an informative research that analyzes and specifies the discussions and theories. The qualitative data is used to support the quantitative data of the research. The views of the customers would be depicted using the quantitative and qualitative samples that would be collected for this research. A questionnaire is prepared for the quantitative survey while blogs and articles on social media marketing are referred for the qualitative survey. The buying behavior of the customers and the selling of the products by the company would be understood from the quantitative and qualitative research (Sarantakos 2012). Category of research: (Quantitative and qualitative research) The objective of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on customers and its buying behavior. It analyzes and compares the two methods of promotion and analyzes that whether social media marketing is persuasive or the traditional method of word of mouth. The qualitative research is conducted by referring to books, articles and blogs. Since social media marketing is a current issue, many experts have various comments on the topic that will be referred from blogs and articles (Yilmaz 2013). In order to support the qualitative research quantitative research is conducted by preparing a questionnaire that is published online. Since the objective is to evaluate the effect of social media marketing on consumers a qualitative research is conducted that is based on marketing and media theories. For finding the customer experience, the researcher conducts an online survey. Hence, both the qualitative and quantitative methods are used for the research and study (Saunde rs and Thornhill 2014). Ethical consideration It is essential for the researcher to collect the data from the relevant sources. The data collected should be appropriate, valid and reliable. It should also be biased in nature. It is essential for the author to follow ethical rules and principles of research and take special care of not hurting anyones sentiments during the research. The work of the researcher should not be copied and plagiarized. Special permissions should be taken from the organizations and customers that are surveyed for the research purpose. . The researcher should abide by the rules and regulations of the company while collecting the data and using it for the research. The researcher should keep the details of the company confidential, if the company had asked them to do so. The researcher must not force the company to provide him with the data of the company. If children are involved in survey then special permissions are to be taken from parents. Section III Organization of the study Chapter one will be the Research Proposal as outlined in this assignment. It will analyse the topic for the research. Chapter one discusses the aims and objectives of the research and the research questions. It also mentions the expected research outcome and justification for the study. The main aim of chapter one is to discuss and emphasis on the topic and the reason for studying the topic. In this case chapter one addresses the topic that social media marketing is more persuasive or the traditional method of word of mouth. Based on the problem statement research questions and aims are formed. Chapter two emphasises on the social media marketing strategy in depth and how it has affected the decision of consumers. It discusses the reasons for traditional word of mouth fading away and how social media marketing is influencing the consumers purchase decision. It also analyses the reasons for increase in usage of social media for promotion of commodities and different techniques of promotion, both traditional and social media. Chapter two will include the methodology, data series, data collection methods, questionnaires and surveys and observing key strategies of social media marketing. It will report the findings and analysis of the proposed research. Chapter three will summarise the important findings and discuss the implication of social media marketing on the purchase decision of consumers. It will also conclude as to whether social media marketing is more influential or the traditional method of word of mouth. Chapter three proposes the budget of the research and its allocation for conducting the study and research. It also mentions the time taken for the research and study by specifying and dividing it into different heads. The last part of the proposal is the conclusion where the researcher points out his view on the research. Gantt chart Task name Start day End day Duration Days Project proposal 1/01/2016 15/01/2016 15 Literature review 16/01/2016 28/02/2016 40 Data collection 1/03/2016 12/03/2016 12 Data analysis 13/03/2016 20/03/2016 7 Final Report Submission 25/03/2016 25/04/2016 30 Figure: Gantt chart (Source: created by author) Project budget and budget justification The budget of the proposed research is $5000 that is required to complete the project in the given period. The maximum part of the budget is allocated to data collection due to the cost of travelling, printing, mailing and posting the data. This will cost around $2500. Rest $2500 is allocated to literature review, tables, and data analysis part. Purpose Estimated amount to be spent Literature review $1000 Data collection $2500 Data analysis $1500 Total budget estimated $5000 Table: Budget summary (Source: created by author) Conclusion and recommendation The recommendations on outcome state that the study can be analyzed for a further study by differentiating all factors and an extensive study can be based on using all the main and the silent elements individually. Also, if qualitative research is incorporated into the study, the research philosophy would have been more realistic and interpretive and would have added the theoretical background to the subject. Hence, this study is more on a generalized basis. Hence, it can be concluded that social media marketing is more persuasive than traditional word of mouth in todays world. References Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Coulter, K.S. and Roggeveen, A., 2012. Like it or not Consumer responses to word-of-mouth communication in on-line social networks.Management Research Review,35(9), pp.878-899. Flew, T. (2015). Social Media Governance.Social Media + Society, 1(1). Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y. and Wiertz, C., 2013. Managing brands in the social media environment.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.242-256. Goh, K.Y., Heng, C.S. and Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.88-107. Goldkuhl, G., 2012. Pragmatism vs interpretivism in qualitative information systems research.European Journal of Information Systems,21(2), pp.135-146. Gray, D.E., 2013.Doing research in the real world. Sage. King, R.A., Racherla, P. and Bush, V.D., 2014. What we know and don't know about online word-of-mouth: A review and synthesis of the literature.Journal of Interactive Marketing,28(3), pp.167-183. Lee, D., Kim, H.S. and Kim, J.K., 2012. The role of self-construal in consumers electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites: A social cognitive approach.Computers in Human Behavior,28(3), pp.1054-1062. Libai, B., Muller, E. and Peres, R., 2013. Decomposing the value of word-of-mouth seeding programs: Acceleration versus expansion.Journal of marketing research,50(2), pp.161-176. Okazaki, S. and Taylor, C.R., 2013. Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions.International marketing review,30(1), pp.56-71. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. and Carley, K.M., 2014. Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.117-128. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Rezaeian, M., 2014. A review on the diverse types of research misconduct.Middle East J Family Med,12(7), pp.43-4. Risselada, H., Verhoef, P.C. and Bijmolt, T.H., 2014. Dynamic effects of social influence and direct marketing on the adoption of high-technology products.Journal of Marketing,78(2), pp.52-68. Rutsaert, P., Regan, ., Pieniak, Z., McConnon, ., Moss, A., Wall, P. and Verbeke, W., 2013. The use of social media in food risk and benefit communication.Trends in Food Science Technology,30(1), pp.84-91. Sarantakos, S., 2012.Social research. Palgrave Macmillan. Saunders, M.L. and Thornhill, P., 2014. A. 2009. Research methods for business students. Harlow. Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708. Time, C., 2012. Data Collection Methods.Review of Sociology,17, pp.225-249. Tsimonis, G. and Dimitriadis, S., 2014. Brand strategies in social media.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(3), pp.328-344. Williams, D.L., Crittenden, V.L., Keo, T. and McCarty, P., 2012. The use of social media: an exploratory study of usage among digital natives.Journal of Public Affairs,12(2), pp.127-136. Wood, M. (2016). Social Marketing for Social Change.Social Marketing Quarterly, 22(2), pp.107-118. Yilmaz, K., 2013. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Traditions: epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences.European Journal of Education,48(2), pp.311-325.

Global Wine Wars free essay sample

Market Analysis: Global Wine Wars-New World Challenges Old Global Wine Wars: New World Challenges Old This case describes the global development of wine industry, and how new world wine players occupied the global market share from old world wine producer gradually. It is very interesting that author selected the Britain as the sample stage for the battle between the new world wine campaign and the traditional campaign. Nowadays, in the â€Å"Old World† countries of Europe, where the bulk of the volume is still produced, this is of great concern. However, consumers, especially younger drinkers, prefer the high quality wine from famous brands which are imported into Europe by the â€Å"New World† player, and the growth rate is at average10% per annum over the last decade. In new wine world, Chile has dominated the South American wine world and Argentina is facing this challenge of losing the number one position in South America, and is impacted much on market share dramatically. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Wine Wars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe the structure of new world wine industry could be renewed. The competition seems to be more fiercely. Increasing number of producers enhances their capacity to cater to the marketing demand. However, the growth of demand today cannot catch up with the increase of wine production. EC predicts that there will be as much as 15% of Europe’s wine production surplus to requirement in the future 5 years. This case focuses on the wine battle in Britain. The UK is the largest importer of wine (by value) in the world and a high per capita consumption of wine, but more and more wine consumed in Britain is imported from other countries, because it is usually hard to grow the good grape to produce wine in Britain due to the local unsuitable weather. But the British wine market is fragment, and top three players occupy the 17% of market share. Political. The new players who want to enter the British market       are affected by government regulation of wine and high import       duties applicable. Even high import duties and taxed to be       paid, but whatever new world wine or traditional wine would       rather to open the British due to the popular wine market. Economy. The Britain is a developed country, with the world’s       sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest       by purchasing power parity. Today, Britain tends to develop       to service and energy industry from manufacture. The quantities       of wine produced locally are very limited compared to the       volumes consumed. The Britain wine market generated total       revenues of $20 billion in 2008, and annual average growth       rate of 2. 1% for the period from 2004 to 2008. CAGR forecasts       that the performance of the market will decelerate with the       rate of 0. 6% for the next five years from 2009-2013 accompanying       with the downturn economy. Moreover, the volume of market       drop down dramatically in 2008 due to the bad economy, here       is a chart about the change of market volume from 2004-2008. {draw:frame} Demographic. Wine is consumed by 60. 8% of the total UK adult       population. As the research from CAGR in 2008, more than 81%       British like drinking still wine, following by fortified       wine (9. 4%) and champagne (7. 2%), and only less than 2% people       consumed sparkling wine. Culture. In the UK, the population has long traditions of       wine drinking. Historically wine was not embedded in the       culinary culture of most other social groups as there were       no local/regional production-beer and dicer-being the       dominant beverages. However, as wine consumption has now       become embedded into the culture of many UK adults. From the external analysis, the choice to invest more in the Britain is the correct global expansion strategies for the old world and the new world wine players. However, there is a big different performance between two campaigns. Old world wine players lose their market share gradually, while the new world wine players gain the market share bigger and bigger annually. It is forecasted that the new world wine players will finally replace the old world wine position among the customers, although the old world wine has the first moving in advantage. Why and what could lead this kind result? SWOT can tell everything about it. (Table below)   From the SWOT analysis, it is obviously to have more downturns for the â€Å"old world† than the â€Å"new world†, and it appears that the â€Å"old world† should reform their philosophy for global marketing strategies. The â€Å"old world† should put the fragments of production together to reduce the operation cost and grow the speed of marketing response. Then, the big issue for them is broad brand, the â€Å"old world† need to do a lot on marketing research and create their more famous brand by market segment. The last is how to deal with the contradiction between tradition and quality. I think the best choice is joint venture or outsourcing. The â€Å"old world† players can cooperate with local companies in marketing section, or outsource to them completely. This method for the â€Å"old world† could not only avoid the weakness of marketing but also continue to focus on the tradition. In this case, I can see that whatever the advantages are, companies should continue improving their skills and strategies to adapt the requirements from customers and market. Like new world wine player, the companies need to focus on research on marketing firstly, and then make distinct policy to various levels of consumers. At the same time, the new entrant has to own their unique way to gain market share and learn the traditional skill from the maturity companies. Australia is a very good example for this concept. Specialized brand built is a key to open the British market, which minimized the barrier of recognition, and the centralized company structure is the foundation of succeed, which could reduce the cost for operation and strategies. The only risk for this battle is that producer could overemphasize the brand and price and lost the tradition that quality is number one. I think the current wine association can adjust their manual to avoid this situation. However, whatever the final winner is, the beneficiaries are always consumers. The wine battle could bring low cost wine, various brand, good quality and service. Moreover, the most important is customer could taste many kind of wine to spend their life comfortably, although it cannot be imagined several centuries ago. Questions: Is the old wine players rebound from the bottom to fight with       the â€Å"new world† easily? Is it possible to combine the â€Å"old world† and â€Å"new world† to       become new type operation model, which distinct from the       old and the new? References: _Alta Smith and Brad Smith. (Sep. 2007). â€Å"Old world wines in the new world†. _   Restaurant hospitality. (Nov. 2007). â€Å"New trends in international wines†. Corey M. Reardon. (Oct. 2006). â€Å"The changing World of Wine†. Robert D. Tollison. (Apr. 2007). â€Å" old wine, new wine†. Industry profile. (July 2009). â€Å"Wine in United Kingdom†.

Free Essays on Virtue Aristotle

Aristotle defined virtue as the excellence of the soul, and happiness is the virtuous activity of the soul. In the moderate, self-controlled and courageous, everything is in harmony with the voice of reason. Aristotle differentiated intellectual virtues from ethical virtues. Intellectual virtues are developed by teaching; ethical virtues are formed by habit (ethos). Virtues are not implanted in us by nature nor are they contrary to nature, for we are equipped by nature to receive them and can develop them by habitual practice. Thus we become just by acting justly, self-controlled by controlling ourselves, and courageous by acting bravely. Others may become undisciplined and short-tempered by acting in those ways. Thus habits developed in childhood make a considerable difference. Aristotle noted that the purpose of this study is not to know what virtue is but to become good; thus we must act according to right reason. Aristotle observed that ethical qualities are destroyed by defect and by excess. Just as too much or too little food destroys health, the same applies to courage and moderation. The one who fears everything becomes a coward, while the one who fears nothing acts recklessly. Whoever revels in every pleasure is undisciplined, while those who avoid every pleasure are insensitive. Virtuous behavior is reinforcing. Abstaining from pleasures results in moderation, and the practice of moderation helps one to abstain from pleasures. Enduring fear makes one courageous, and acting bravely makes one more able to endure fear. These pleasures and pains test virtue, which can be developed or destroyed by whether it is practiced or not. Yet avoiding pleasures and enduring pains must be of the right kind done at the right time and place and in the right manner. Choice is determined by what is noble, beneficial, and pleasurable and their opposites of what is base, harmful, and painful. Ethical action requires knowledge of what one is doing... Free Essays on Virtue Aristotle Free Essays on Virtue Aristotle Aristotle defined virtue as the excellence of the soul, and happiness is the virtuous activity of the soul. In the moderate, self-controlled and courageous, everything is in harmony with the voice of reason. Aristotle differentiated intellectual virtues from ethical virtues. Intellectual virtues are developed by teaching; ethical virtues are formed by habit (ethos). Virtues are not implanted in us by nature nor are they contrary to nature, for we are equipped by nature to receive them and can develop them by habitual practice. Thus we become just by acting justly, self-controlled by controlling ourselves, and courageous by acting bravely. Others may become undisciplined and short-tempered by acting in those ways. Thus habits developed in childhood make a considerable difference. Aristotle noted that the purpose of this study is not to know what virtue is but to become good; thus we must act according to right reason. Aristotle observed that ethical qualities are destroyed by defect and by excess. Just as too much or too little food destroys health, the same applies to courage and moderation. The one who fears everything becomes a coward, while the one who fears nothing acts recklessly. Whoever revels in every pleasure is undisciplined, while those who avoid every pleasure are insensitive. Virtuous behavior is reinforcing. Abstaining from pleasures results in moderation, and the practice of moderation helps one to abstain from pleasures. Enduring fear makes one courageous, and acting bravely makes one more able to endure fear. These pleasures and pains test virtue, which can be developed or destroyed by whether it is practiced or not. Yet avoiding pleasures and enduring pains must be of the right kind done at the right time and place and in the right manner. Choice is determined by what is noble, beneficial, and pleasurable and their opposites of what is base, harmful, and painful. Ethical action requires knowledge of what one is doing...

The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl Movie Review

The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl - Movie Review Example She was, in other words, a wonderful filmmaker and an admirable survivor, whose fatal flaw was a horrible sense of judgment and an even more horrible tendency to glorify power, irrespective of the ideology it represented. "The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl" compels mixed reactions to its protagonist, evoking both admiration and aversion towards Riefenstahl. In one of the scenes, she is depicted as walking on a pier, carrying her own, undoubtedly heavy, scuba diving gear. Her much younger companions are walking ahead of her and neither offers to help her with her equipment and, indeed, her demeanour suggests that she would have rejected any offers of help. This scene would not have been remarkable were it not for the fact that Riefenstahl was over 90 at the time. This scene, which only occupies a few moments in a very lengthy three hour documentary, captures the essence of the woman. She is not one to concede to weaknesses, human frailties and recognises absolutely no boundaries or limitations. Had she done so, she would not have been directing an underwater documentary at the age of 91. Hence, in this single scene the filmmakers do more than countless verbal testimonies could have ever done - they show the audiences who Riefenstahl is and, who she is evokes admiration. While it exposes her admirable qualities, the film exposes an infinitely less attractive dimension to Riefenstahl's personality. She is self-defensive and over-brimming with self-justification, not to mention unwaveringly unapologetic about the services she rendered to, or her association with, Hitler and the Nazi party. The film shows her defending the association and services in artistic and professional terms; she was not a member of the Nazi Party and did not touch upon anti-Semitism in her work. In her defence and self-justification, Riefenstahl seemingly deliberately overlooks, as Downing (2008: para 1) points out, the propagandist nature of her "Triumph of Will," and the extent to which it affected mass perceptions of Hitler as a national hero and Nazism as the answer to all of Germany's problems. Her defence of her works, as presented in the documentary, indicates that either Riefenstahl did not understand the consequences of her propagandist documentaries, which is hardly be lievable, or quite unapologetically believes that the end justifies the means. In the final analysis, the documentary is objective. It presents both sides of Leni Riefenstahl and, more importantly, allows her to speak for herself. In so doing, it gives the audience the opportunity to witness the good and the bad and, accordingly, arrive at their own judgement. If that judgement is not in Riefenstahl's favour that is not because of the filmmakers' prejudices but because of Riefenstahl's presentation of her own self. Works Cited Downing, T. (2008) "Nazis and the Cinema." History Today, 58(3), 63. Rentschler, E. (1985) "The Use and Abuse of Memory: New German Film and the Discourse of Bitburg." New German Critique, 36, 67-91. Tegel, S. (2006) "Leni Riefenstahl: Art and Politics." Quarterly Review of Film & Video, 23(3),

Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Economic Geography - Essay Example The most important factor, after taking into account the use of technology, is the availability of labor at reasonable cost. The main reason for outsourcing American businesses, including manufacturing, has been the relative lesser cost of production. This was due to the availability of labor in countries like China at a friction of American cost. Apart from this, available of quality services at the selected location is another factor, which manufacturers would like to consider. The other factors that go into making manufacturing location decisions include, business environment, easy access to raw material and components, overall quality of life at he selected location and marketability of the finished goods. Availability of labor This is related to the type of goods to be manufactured. For products, which require quantity output in limited time, the manufacturing becomes labor-intensive with high turnout, to achieve bigger sales volumes. In such cases, locations that can provide la bor at considerably lesser cost remain the favorite of any manufacturer. This was the case of China getting most of the world’s manufacturing business, about two decades ago. ... American manufacturers are finding it difficult to maintain their facilities, as the cost advantage is vanishing. This is truer for high turnout goods.(Hanink) The case of Foxconn manufacturing facility in China is an ideal example of the labor cost relation with the manufacturing location. China never wanted to display the living conditions of its citizens, particularly the factory workers. However, these conditions have been worse, if not inhumane. People had to huddle together for sleep in bunkers and dormitories. Wages like $400 per month were paid to a worker who would put around 50 hours a week on the plant job. People would go to market in factory uniform only. Foxconn recruited most of its interns and apprentices from the boys belonging to age group of 14-15 years, to reduce further the cost of labor.(Fallows) However, things are changing in China very rapidly. With the living conditions, as detailed above, reports of suicide attempts were frequent. That was the reason for Fo xconn to introduce†suicide nets† for prevention of such attempts. Things could not be stopped there. The factory owners had to increase wages three to four times during last three years. It has created serious problems for the manufacturers and exporters. Chinese goods have been selling throughout the world, due to their lower prices. That advantage is now vanishing. American manufacturers are feeling the cost pinch from such outsourced units. Labor is available at competitive cost in America now. Reverse shifting has begun.(Fallows) Technology plays an important role in availability of adequate services The manufacturing activities for new start-ups relate to an idea, which is converted into the marketable product. In older days, the original idea