What s On Your Calendar For September 28 A Lunch...

What s on your calendar for January 28? A lunch appointment? A few meetings? How about Data Privacy Day? Since 2007, people all over the world have set aside January 28 as a day to raise awareness of the issues surrounding data privacy and protection. What does this mean for you? It gives you an opportunity to learn how data privacy affects you, and what you can do to protect yourself and others from a potential security breach. Read on to learn how to make the most of this Data Privacy Day. What Are the Origins of Data Privacy Day? Back on January 28, 1981, the Council of Europe opened something called the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (or Convention 108) for signature by its members. In short, the goal of the Convention was to give individuals legal protection regarding the automatic collection of their personal data. While many individual countries had some regulations governing the automatic collection of data, the Convention provided standard, comprehensive requirements on an international scale. As explained by the National Cyber Security Alliance, it was the first legally binding international treaty dealing with privacy and data protection. the first legally binding international treaty dealing with privacy and data protection. - See more at: http://www.staysafeonline.org/data-privacy-day/about#sthash.A07CM4jz.dpuf the first legally binding international treaty dealing with privacy and dataShow MoreRelatedChapter 7 Project Essay21847 Wor ds   |  88 PagesCHAPTER 7 Payroll Project L E A R N IN G O BJ E C T IV E S Chapter 7 consists of a simulation, or practice set, for payroll accounting. You will apply the knowledge acquired in this course to practical payroll situations. This simulation is a culmination of the information presented in the textbook. 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The Ancestor s Tale By Richard Dawkins Essay - 1666 Words

Thylacinus had stripes like a tiger, body like a dog, and a pouch like a kangaroo. They were marsupials but behaved more like wolves than marsupials (which makes them an excellent example of convergent evolution). They became extinct in Australia and New Guinea because of their incompetence against the dingoes, an invasive species brought by the aboriginal men. Nevertheless, some were left in Tasmania as the dingoes did not reach there, but died out soon after Europeans arrived there. Similar story includes the dodo’s tale which is illustrated perfectly by Richard Dawkins in his book The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution - â€Å"When Portuguese sailors arrived on Mauritius in 1507, the abundant dodos were completely tame, and approached the sailors in a manner which cannot have been far from ‘trusting’. The unfortunate dodos were clubbed to death by Portuguese, and later Dutch, sailors – even though they were deemed ‘unpalatable.’ Extinction took less than two centuries. As so often, it came about through a combination of killing and more indirect effects. Humans introduced dogs, pigs, rats, and religious refugees. The first three ate dodo eggs, and the last planted sugar cane and destroyed habitats† (Dawkins). All the tales of these extinct species have one thing in common – a species live in harmony in its home until an invasive species destroy them, and humans are the antagonist in each story. The sick thing is we are still in the middle of and part ofShow MoreRelatedThe, Hunting For Some Drosophila Melanogaster5018 Words   |  21 Pageschromosomes will be inherited independently of each other (Campbell et al. 268). Many rudimentary patterns of inheritance follow traditional Mendelian genetic patterns, namely Mendel’s Law of Dominance (commonly known as Mendel’s â€Å"Third Law†). Mendel s Law of Dominance states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles. Therefore, a cross between a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive will always express the dominant phenotype, while still having a heterozygous genotype

Dr Pepper Snapple Group Sustainability †Free Assignment Sample

Questions: 1. Dr. Pepper lost market share mainly because of the competitive market and the changing demands of the customers? 2. The sustainable competitive advantage of Dr. Pepper is its sustainability through Corporate Social Responsibility? 3. Dr. Pepper still lags in comparison to its largest competitors and hence should adopt bottle recycling as new competitive strategy to sustain in the competitive scenario? Answers: 1. Dr. Pepper lost market share mainly because of the competitive market and the changing demands of the customers. There are many factors that lead to the decline in the market share of the company (Harvard Business Review, 1979). There are many contenders in the market and thus it is not easy for the organization to build up its mark in a new land. There are other soft drink companies, like Pepsi, Coca-Cola, etc. These companies are present in the market for quite some time and thus have their stand in the market. They are popular with the customers and have their presence in many countries, whereas, the presence of Dr. Pepper is limited. The idea about brand identification is the driving factor in any organization. It is one of the major barriers in the soft drink industry. Most of the soft drink companies want to create brand loyalty. In this competitive market, an organization has to invest heavily to maintain its name. This factor can be a little overwhelming for the organizati ons. The market is constantly changing and with it the taste of the customer. Many new products are coming up in the market. This can be the sign of trouble for the organization. The new companies are coming up in the market with various offers and exciting deals for the customers. Dr. Pepper needs to make some changes in its marketing strategy so as to beat this kind of competition (ROBINSON-JACOBS, 2013). 2. The sustainable competitive advantage of Dr. Pepper is its sustainability through Corporate Social Responsibility. As all the companies were investing in the large selling drink segment the focus of Dr. Pepper believes in doing good with flavour. They believe in providing a range of new flavours of beverages and at the same time invest in environmental sustainability, philanthropy and health and wellness goals (DrPepperSnappleGroup.com, 2015). The company values its customers and hence considers that delivering quality to the customers and the world in general would put the company in good light and hence adopting of a corporate social responsibility program is effective in establishing the company. The company has reduced operational cost through developing green approaches to energy efficient building features, LEED Certification. The competitive advantage of today goes to the ones who have adopted sustainability of environment as a primary function. Along with these standards, Dr. Pepper includes drought tolerant landscaping for conserving water; they are minimizing construction pollution and reduction of blacktops (Food Logistics, 2015). Sky lighting, energy efficient lighting controls and low emitting paints are the features adopted by Cr. Pepper factories and bottling points. Also, as a crucial factor of sustainability, the Company has tried to reduce employee accidents and provide a safe and healthy workplace to all (Carnevale, 2013). The corporate social responsibility of the Company focuses on factors that provide the Company a competitive advantage. Environmental sustainability, health and well being, workplace environment, community investment and ethical sourcing are the focal point that has upgraded the company image and people find the company more reliable and trustworthy as they choose it over the other companies due to is sustainable image. Hence, in todays scenario people are hugely concerned about environmental health and sustainability while choosing their brand. Thus adopting a CSR program is the most effective way of adding a competitive edge to ones marketing techniques (Foundation, 2015). 3. Dr. Pepper still lags in comparison to its largest competitors and hence should adopt bottle recycling as new competitive strategy to sustain in the competitive scenario (Foundation, 2015). The company is the third largest sod a company but is still way back in comparison to Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, which are its largest competitors. These companies lack in clear and defined corporate social responsibility programs but have already adopted a recycling of bottles and cans as a competitive strategy. Dr. Pepper has failed to convince the public about their commitment level and contribution to sustainability. Hence, it is required that the company should indulge in packing recycling to convince the consumers of its sustainable standings. Their environmental and workplace sustainability programs have already gained momentum. But people cannot associate these activities with the selling of Soda, which is its primary business. Soda is considered harmful by a large segment and hence to crea te a comfortable and beneficial image, recycling of bottles and cans will make a major breakthrough. It will not only bring the Company at par with its competitors but will also gain public support. As the company has already adopted sustainability and corporate social responsibility as its competitive advantage, the recycling factor would act as an added edge to its competitive strategy. Also, these actions have to be widely promoted through public relation activities and advertisement which will demonstrate the process of recycling and how it is benefiting the society. Thus the case study of Dr. Pepper is a wonderful example of Strategic marketing through sustainability (Team, 2015). References 1. Carnevale, C. (2013).In The Beverage Industry, Don't overlook Dr. Pepper Snapple Group.Forbes. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckcarnevale/2013/10/25/dr-pepper-snapple-dont-overlook-this-beverage-contender/ 2. DrPepperSnappleGroup.com,. (2015).Dr Pepper Snapple Group - Sustainability - Sustainability Overview. Retrieved 7 August 2015, from https://www.drpeppersnapplegroup.com/values/sustainability/ 3. Ethicalconsumer.org, (2015). Soft drinks industry report from Ethical Consumer. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/ethicalreports/softdrinkssectorreport.aspx [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. 4. Food Logistics,. (2015).Dr. Pepper Snapple Group builds A sustainable distribution center. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://www.foodlogistics.com/article/10255602/drinking-up-the-competition 5. Food Logistics,. (2015).Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Builds A Sustainable Distribution Center. Retrieved 7 August 2015, from https://www.foodlogistics.com/article/10255602/drinking-up-the-competition 6. Foundation, A. (2015).Dr Pepper Snapple Group | As You Sow.Asyousow.org. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://www.asyousow.org/companies/dr-pepper-snapple-group/ 7. Harvard Business Review, (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy/ar/1 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. 8. ROBINSON-JACOBS, K. (2013).Soda sales lose more fizz; Dr Pepper sales fall less than others.Dallasnews.com. Retrieved 7 August 2015, from https://www.dallasnews.com/business/retail/20130325-soda-sales-lose-more-fizz-dr-pepper-sales-fall-less-than-others.ece 9. Team, T. (2015).Dr Pepper earnings review: Growth in both sparkling and still segments boost Q4 volume growth.Forbes. Retrieved 5 August 2015, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/02/17/dr-pepper-earnings-review-growth-in-both-sparkling-and-still-segments-boost-q4-volume-growth/

Psychosis free essay sample

Summative Assessment One: Case Study There are several key issues apparent for Belinda, one of which is social isolation. Belinda has withdrawn from her family and no longer spends time with her friends. In becoming socially isolated, Belinda is at risk of disruption to her social development leading to an increased likelihood of failure to achieve in the future (EPPIC, 2001). This is evidenced by the fact that Belinda’s grades have dropped significantly over the past six months. For the purpose of this essay, three differential diagnoses will be offered, however in clinical practice it is preferable to refrain from diagnosing a client early in treatment due to the stigma associated with being ‘labelled’ (EPPIC, 2001). The first differential diagnosis formulated is Schizophrenia. According to the DSM IV criteria for Schizophrenia, (as cited in Elder, Evans Nizette, 2005), there must be at least two positive symptoms present for a period of at least one month. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Camer explains that the symptoms of Schizoaffective Disorder are variable but include thoseseen in Schizophrenia, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disturbances. Symptoms indicative of a mood disorder are also present, such as emotional unresponsiveness, avolition,and anhedonia. These symptoms are in concurrence with those seen in Belinda (see Appendix A). Belinda exhibits a number of these symptoms including anhedonia, avolition, withdrawal as well as the presence of psychotic symptoms (see Appendix A). The differential diagnosis that best matches Belinda’s symptoms is Schizophrenia. With this diagnosis in mind, a plan of treatment and care can be developed for Belinda. EPPIC (2001) identifies that due to the nature of psychotic illness there is an increased risk of disruption to interfamilialand interpersonal relationships. The event of a family member suffering from psychotic illness is likely to be distressing for all concerned, added to that is uncertainty surrounding the illness regarding treatment and prognosis. Psychoeducation, providing information about the pattern of the illness, rationale for the use of medication, time frames for recovery, and expectations, is an invaluable intervention (EPPIC, 2001). Psychoeducation serves to promote understanding and encourages open and honest communication between Belinda and her family; allowing each to express their thoughts, feeling and concerns (see Appendix B). As a result of Belinda’s paranoid thoughts about her parents poisoning her food, she is not receiving adequate nutrition for her body requirements and is underweight. As previously stated, ANRED (2008) have identified several potential physical implications of sustained malnutrition. To avoid these, interventions would be best directed to improving Belinda’s nutritional intake. Offering the option of preparing her own food, or the use of sealed, pre-packaged meals and drinks, would allow Belinda to gain nourishment and avoid the distress of confronting her delusional thinking (see Appendix B). While successful interventions are an important part of the treatment process, there are also legal and ethical issues to consider. According to Elder et al. (2005), as Belinda is only 15 years of age she must have her parent’s consent to receive any form of medical intervention. In this case Belinda’s parents have sought help for their daughter and she is not currently being treated under the Mental Health Act 1992. In the pursuit of a therapeutic relationship with Belinda, the concept of confidentiality between patient and nurse and its implications would need to be discussed (EPPIC, 2001). EPPIC states that anything discussed between patient and nurse must be kept strictly confidential unless consent for disclosure is given by the patient. However, it would need to be made clear to Belinda that should she disclose any information that led the nurse to have immediate concerns about the potential safety of Belinda or others, then the nurse is morally obliged to pass that information on. Elder et al. (2005) assert that within the bounds of the therapeutic relationship the power must remain at least egalitarian and the client must never feel coerced or forced into treatment.

Innovation and Change

Innovation and Change Innovation and Change - P G Essay Business Innovation and Creativity Proctor and Gamble (P & G) was established in Cincinnati in 1837 by William Proctor and James Gamble manufacturing Soap and Candles. The partners grew the business from strength to strength through ingenious innovations, with the help of successive generations then through none family management to create the $70 billion enterprise. P & G is a business where innovation flows throughout every sector both internally and externally, from suppliers to distributors. The networks and alliances which have been made allow for channels of communication to be access with ease allowing ideas to be acknowledged and trailed – the lifeblood of innovation. The innovation and creativity practice occurs, and is similarly discouraged by two determining factors: the internal and external environment. Internal Internal factors within an organisation, such as P & G, can foster the creative drive of innovation but likewise can be its own downfall. The Seven Virtues of managing creativity evaluates the areas where ideas can be furthered upon therefore ensuring the organisation continues to be innovative. Culture Politics Learning Generation of ideas Job orientation Architecture Change External The founders of the company have always shown initiative by suppling the needs of the everyday consumer from very early on when the enterprise was established. The first major break through for the company was during the American Civil War in 1862, when the Union Armies contracted the pair to manufacture a soap which was small enough for soldiers to carry everywhere but long lasting. The forward thinking cousins, James Norris Gamble and William Alexander Procter (sons of the founders) purchased a phenomenal amount of rosin (essential in the soap making process) before the war. The purchase stood the company in great stead against its rivals, as supplies ran short P

Lord of the Flies

Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies, is an illusive example of human behavior. His characters range from the mild and intelligent Simon, to the aggressive and fierceful Jack. In-between are such characters as Ralph, Piggy, and the littluns. By developing these three groups of characteristics, we can categorize most human traits. Yet some exceptions exist. Not all human characteristics can possibly be classified into only these three categories. Samneric fall under these exceptions. And so, we make for them their own category, people who allow themselves to be caught up in fear and hysteria. Numerous examples exist throughout history of people who fall under the Samneric category. The most commonly known is the good Germans. In like manner of Samneric, the good Germans allowed themselves to go against their natural good instincts for fear of unbearable consequences. In the early 1940s, when Hitler was in power, Germany was divided. Several people rebelled against Hitlers ideas of the ideal society and most of the rest became known as the good Germans. These people were mockingly called the good Germans because they did not rebel or put up a fight. They just went along with what they were ordered to do in pure uncertainty of the consequences. Whether or not they believed what their government was doing was right, they were loyal in fear the tables would turn and their government would be against them. From the beginning to the end of Lord of the Flies, there are countless examples where Samneric illustrate the personality and behavior of the good Germans. Chapter six gives a significant example of how Samneric and the good Germans are alike. Page ninety-six reads, But they could never manage to do things sensibly if that meant acting independently. Comparable to Samneric, the good Germans did not a

Managing communication,knowledge and information Case Study

Managing communication,knowledge and information - Case Study Example Contrarily informal information has no definite format. It is not structured. Telephone calls, notice boards, memos, notes etc. are most common types of informal information. Knowledge can be stated as the useful insight and wisdom which gets developed from the processed information (Bazerman and Chugh, 2006). Knowledge can be essentially of two important types, namely tactic and explicit. Tactic knowledge is found through the companies own vision, experience, practice, values, thinking and perceptions. While on the other hand explicit knowledge is largely found existing in documents and other recorded forms. It is highly formalized and codified. Such knowledge can be recorded in different artifacts, books, records, patents and database etc. The spiral conversation is a model which interlinks socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. The model states that communication moves from being tactic to explicit and vice-versa in a spiral or revolving form. Hence it is understood that for explicit knowledge to exist, the tactic knowledge must be generated. Similarly, tactic knowledge derives out of explicit knowledge. Classic badges can make use of the system by incorporating a systematic conversation technique which transforms tactic into explicit knowledge and the reverse. In case of Classic badges, for making their business successful, timely information from customers in respect of demand is essential. This would require suitable communication channels which would transmit information within less time. Also, suitable information channels must be established with suppliers of materials (Robbins and Judge, 2013). From the procured information, organizations are required to establish rational connections exercising their skills and understanding and formulate knowledge base which guides in taking crucial decisions. In case of Classic Badges, the timely information in respect to demand and

Prison Overcrowding in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prison Overcrowding in the United States - Essay Example This has led into inmates being forced into open dormitories and double-bunking in a single cell. Many critics have termed such overcrowding as dehumanizing and degrading for inmates. It is also contradictory to the present correctional reforms that emphasize on maximizing the opportunities that are available to inmates (Farrington 222). The United States reports the highest number of incarceration rate in the world. At the end of the year 2009, the incarceration rate was 743 adults per 100,000 people. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics quotes that 2,266,800 people were incarcerated in the US state, federal and county jails by the end of 2010. This is approximately 0.7% of the US adult resident population. In addition, there were 4,933,667 adults by the end of 2009, who were on parole or probation. Therefore, the total number of adults under correctional supervision totals to 7,225,800. This is approximately 3% of the total population of US adults (U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics). The number of juvenile detentions was 86, 927 in 2007. Despite this increased numbers, the crime rates have been shown to be on the decrease. 70% of prisoners in the US are non-white. The states with the highest ratio of incarceration include Louisiana, Oklahoma and Mississippi. Approximately 90% of the inmates comprise males. The total number of foreign prisoners is estimated at 6% (U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics). There are several causes of this pertinent issue. There has been an increase on the number of offenders that are sent to prison. This can be attributed to high rates of recidivism, which have been on the rise. There has been an increased rate of offenders that return to prison for unsuccessfully completing or violating community supervision. The increased number of offenders can also be attributed to new criminal offences that have been added to the penal code. Certain types of offenses have harsher penalties resulting in

Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past Essay It has been generally observed that workplace attitudes on gender have continued to influence decisions and direct actions in organizations. These attitudes have tended to be directed more at women than men. The result has been a hindrance in the effective participation of women in decision-making at the workplace. Most men, and sadly women, have had the opinion that women lack the ability to function in management positions that require strategic decision making within the organization. They are said to lack the ability to decide on their feet, as somebody would put it. Research findings unfortunately seem to point at the existence of this sad scenario in most organizations. A research carried out by Wood (2008) provides a lot of insightful information on the effect of gender stereotyping of women at the work place. Out of a total of 30 respondents selected for this study, there were 19 men and 11 women, who happened to be in various management positions in their organizations. It is interesting to note the gender stereotyping began right from the sampling. One wonders why the researchers decided to use 19 male and 11 female managers and not 15 male and 15 female managers. A good number of the female managers in the US felt it would take over 10 years for women to achieve equal representation with men in terms of job placement. A number of male respondents from the US shared a similar view and supported his position by submitting that in the organisation where he works, there are very few women, and even then most of them take long durations in lower positions. Some female respondents were of the opinion that it would take more than a decade for women to realize 50% representation in senior management positions. A female respondent was of the opinion that 50% representation might not be realized. She however opined that this was not because women lacked the ability to perform in these high positions, but because they were not simply interested in taking up such positions. This position is tandem with the respondents who were asked if they aspired to be promoted. Whereas 68% of the men said they aspired for promotion, only 55% of the women were willing to be promoted. It is however unclear whether their lack of aspiration is due to lack of skills, knowledge and abilities. Whereas 58% of the men said that they had successfully achieved promotion, only 27% of the women shared this position. It is however debatable whether their failure to secure promotion was based on their lack of interest, lack of ability or because of their smaller number in organizations. It would appear that children hinder women from aspiring for management positions because one respondent said that women who wish to get these positions put off bearing children. Some respondents said that senior management positions are not open to everybody, but to a small clique of old boys who operate like a closed shop. Breaking into this network requires people with unique abilities, and not many women have the stamina to push through. The few who have been able constitute the small percentage. Some managers were of the view that achieving 40/60 percent representation for women and men respectively in more than 10 years could be more realistic than 50/50 percent representation. They argue that it takes time to develop somebody to management level, which not many women are willing to wait for patiently. Even when they reach the top, some of them opt out and might not be replaced by other women, but by men. It was also felt by some respondents that management positions require performers, which not many women might be. They feel that 50% representation at any time might be quite ambitious, but 10% would be realistic. Cumulatively, out of the female respondents, 1 felt that it would take 5 – 10 years to have 50% female representation, 2 said it would take more than 10 years while 4 said it would take 10 years or more. Only one female respondent said women will never achieve 50% representation. 1 said it would take another 5-10 years, while two said it would take more than 10 years from that time. 1 out of the 19 male respondents said it would take between 5-10 years to achieve 5% female representation, while 1 said it would take more than 10 years. 6 said it would take another 10 years or more. 5 male respondents said women will never achieve 50% representation, while one said it would take them more than ten years to achieve a paltry 10% representation. The results from this research could have major implications in the actual working environment as far as female aspirations for higher managerial positions are concerned. The first implication which is more theoretical in nature is that women are being negatively influenced as far as their career advancement is concerned. When the results make it abundantly clear that chances of achieving a 50% female representation on the workplace are slim, most of the female employees will get demotivated and will find no reason to aspire for high managerial positions. Such a decision is likely to keep them at the lower level of then organization hence inhibiting their career advancement. Making top management positions appear like a private members’ club which requires connections before joining could easily scare away women from venturing. Not many women are able to weave their way through male dominated networks. The few who are able are possibly the ones who share such positions with men. Some women would like to be mothers as well as career women. Making it appear as if advancing in one’s career can only take place at the expense of family life is enough deterrent to a woman’s career advancement. The practical implication of the research findings is that organizations might fail to sufficiently utilize the skills, knowledge and talents possessed by women. It is known that women have some unique abilities which could be harnessed and utilized in the organization. Scaring them away from management positions where important decision making is done denies the organization opportunity to benefit from their input. Apart from being scared by the attitude of men, fellow women also play a role. References Wood, Glence. 2008. Gender Stereotypical Attitudes Past, Present and Future Influences on Women’s Career Advancement. Equal Opportunities International, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 613-628

love history :: essays research papers

Well where do i start? i started going out with this guy named Derek on April 3rd 2001. I din't even like him but he seemed like a nice guy so i thought i would give him a try. well we started going out and hanging out alot. I've always been shy around guys and i was with him at first. Then after a few months i started feeling totally comfortable. We hung out like everyday and did everything together! I totally ditched all of my friends for him and he did the same to his friends to me. Well everything was all going well we never really fought or anything. We were perfect i thought so he thought so and so did everyone else. He was my whole world he went everywhere with me and i loved him so much. We had the cutest things we did together, i know we made people sick because of how cute we were. I never though we would break up ever! Well around our 9 months we kinda started fighting and not getting along to well. we were gonna take a "break" but we decieded not to that we wer e fine. (we took a break about 3 months after we started going out becausei kissed someother guy but we went back out and by the way i apologized so much for that i still feel bad about it) but we started fighting more. So we finally took a break it lasted not even 2 days and we got back together i missed him so much in those 2 days and cried so much than i ever have! but then 2 days after we got back together we broke up again. He did'nt want to talk or work anything out at all. and it just seemed like he didnt care anymore. Well we broke up and i still really missed him we still hung out and stuff but it was nt the same at all! then i was going on vacation to flordia for winter break. i knew he was afraid i would cheat on him there so that was another reason that he wanted to break up. neways we hung out before i went and we kissedd and blah blah then i left all i could do was think about him there. i was there a lil over a week and i only talked to him a few times.

Malorie Blackman- Noughts and Crosses Personal Response

Noughts and Crosses- Malorie Blackman The book Noughts and Crosses is a sitting on the fence sort of book for me. The writing of it hooked you in and made you think but I absolutely hated what happened in the end. The plot was good but as I said I didn’t like some things that occurred during the novel, like the fact Callum dying made me want to scream and rip my hair out (I did restrain myself by the way). But the fact that I did want to do that was because you grew attached to the characters, as if they were real people. Even if they’re not, they could be in the future, you never know†¦ ) I hated/ loved that about the book. My favourite characters would have to be the guys of Callum’s family, especially Callum. Partly because of his complete ‘it is how it is’ attitude and his loyalty. Even though most people probably hated Jude, I quite liked him. He had a tough attitude, but really he was quite vulnerable, especially at the end when he’ s pretty much lost all his family because of the Crosses.I also held quite a fair bit of respect (for a book character anyway) for Ryan, Callum’s dad. His courage for taking the consequences of Jude’s slight slip up, originally resulting in him going to the gallows to hang. Even though he ended up not hanging he walked up to the gallows expecting death. And not backing down from it; accepting death so his family could live. I didn’t like Sephy particularly; in fact I hated her to be honest.I didn’t like the choices that she made; choosing the baby over Callum. I most certainly disliked her parents, most of all her father. But I started to tolerate her mother near the end when you find out she paid for the lawyer to help Ryan. My favourite scene would have to be†¦. I actually don’t have a favourite scene, lol†¦ The setting of the book was based sometime in the future; it hasn’t happened and is a possibility, who knows, it could happ en (shudder). I think the book was targeted at teens.I also think that Malorie Blackman swapped the places of the people in charge so people would feel or imagine what it would be like if we were in their place, seeing as one of the main themes was racism. A few other themes were sacrifice, love and friendship and another main one,-death. Sacrifice and death made a big part of this book, constantly having to choose between love, family, religion and your race. It was a massive balancing act for the two main characters, Sephy andCallum, who you got to study in depth of how they thought and what choices they always had to make as they were constantly switching between characters’ point of views; that’s how the book was written, in points of view. I think this book inspires a whole pile of ‘what if? ’ questions; it’s not too hard to imagine how much our lives would be different, and not by a little. I think she’s really trying to make us look de eper into the racism that surrounds this book. Even though it is made up, the more you think about it, the possibility of it happening is actually quite possible, scarily enough. Arianna Hogan

Case study of aqualisa quartz shower Essay

1. What is Quartz’ current marketing strategy? Company conducted market research, spent EU5.8 million in development, invested in a new state-of-the-art testing facility, acquired 9 patents, grew engineering team from 6 to 20 and established stages of new product development pipeline. Company spent 90% of their sale efforts on maintaining existing accounts and 10% on developing new customers. Company had longstanding direct relationship with a group of plumbers. Sale force contacted its network of plumbers, calling face-to-face to introduce and explain the new product. 2. What are the wants/needs of plumbers? Of consumers? Consumers wants a shower that looked great, delivered good pressure at a suitable temperature, was easy to use and doesn’t break down. (Consumers in the premium segment emphasizes on style. Consumers in the standard price range tended to emphasize on performance and service. Consumers in vale segment were primarily concerned with convenience and price and they liked to avoid solutions that required any excavation). Plumbers wanted a shower that was easy to install, with a guarantee to not break down or require servicing. (Plumbers generally preferred to install a single shower brand and extremely reluctant to switch brands. They liked to familiarize with the service they could expect from a manufacturer. They distrusted innovation). 3. What is the Quartz value proposition to plumbers? To consumers? Plumbers are able to shorten the installation time from 2 days to half-day. The installation is straightforward that plumbers could even send their young apprentices to complete entire job. For the consumers, the Quartz shower provides efficient and reliable water pressure and temperature with an easy-to-use â€Å"one-touch† control mounted on shower wall for target temperature setting and indication. 4. Describe the competitive situation. Who are the major competitors? What are their relative strengths and weaknesses? The major competitors include Triton, Mira and Masco. Aqualisa: -Strength: good reputation, top-quality shower, premium brand, great service, market share: number 2 in mixing valves and number 3 in overall UK market. -Weakness: market is beginning to perceive Aqualisa products as being overpriced. Triton: -Strength: Dominant in electric showers and it is the only company in the market established brand awareness at the consumer level. Although it is not major in mixing valve market, it may expand its business scope and influence market with its highly reputable brand name. -Weakness: not well known in mixing valve Masco, Ideal Standard, etc: -Strength: They are catching up to Aqualisa in terms of product quality. -Weakness: They have not developed core technologies in showers yet. 5. Why is the Quartz shower not selling? – One of the reasons is that the company sales force spends only 10% of their efforts in developing new customers and they reply on their long-standing relationships with plumbers. – Plumbers were wary of innovation, particularly innovation involving electronics. – Salesmen tend to gloss over other company’s product if Quartz is mentioned. 6. Aqualisa spent three years and â‚ ¬5.8 million developing the Quartz. Was the product worth the investment? Is Quartz a niche product or a mainstream product? Yes, the product is worth the investment of EU5.8 million. It is a good strategy to invest around 11% of its â€Å"base profit† for developing a radically different kind of shower with testing facility, patent position product roadmap, etc. For 60% of families had shower with lot of mechanical problems and inconvenient use experiences, Quartz with it’s significant advantages were designed to fit their customer’s needs. The conventional shower can no longer satisfy the market demand, innovation and customer value delivery is the market trend since forever. As the result, the development of Quartz proved Aqualisa’s brand value in marketing base aspect by delivering â€Å"cleverness† of the product and its â€Å"elegant design†. As for finance aspect, Quartz provides higher customer value products with considerable margin which even higher than core products-Aquavalve 609. Based on these factor, Quartz is worth the investment in the long run. Quartz is a niche product, good for homes with children, or for elderly and the handicapped. 7. Aqualisa currently has three brands: Aqualisa, Gainsborough and ShowerMax. What is the rationale behind this multiple brand strategy? Does it make sense? Gainsborough and ShowerMax are designed and branded for specific markets. It is a good strategy to develop different products based on the company core technologies for specific target customers. ShowerMax is banded specifically for developers. Elements of the Aquavalve technology are redesigned and re-branded for the ShowerMax production line and optimized for developers’ specific needs. It is a low-cost solution of high pressure shower with Aquavavle technology. Gainsborough is branded for DIY market and it is available in 70% of the approximately 3000 DIY outlets in the U.K. It is designed for associating Aqualisa’s premium brand with its discounted DIY channel.

The Invisible Hand of The Market

The Invisible Hand of The Market Invisible hand is the term first introduced by Adam Smith and it refers to the balancing force that creates mutually beneficial exchange for everyone. The invisible hand is a term attributed to the 18th-century economist Adam Smith and appears in his landmark 1776 book, The Wealth of Nations. The term developed from Smith’s study of another classical economist, Richard Cantillon, and was used metaphorically by Smith to describe the â€Å"natural forces† that drive free markets, a kind of product the human nature of people interacting in the market. The term only appears twice in Smith’s book (he had used it in an earlier work in 1759, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, but in a philosophical rather than economic context), but has grown to be cited, and often misinterpreted, as one of Smith’s most important concepts. What is the Invisible Hand? In a free, unregulated market, competition for scarce resources encourages market participants to act to maximize their self-interest. â€Å"Maximizing self-interest† is a typical economic textbook term that is often not clearly explained, probably because it sounds a little more dignified than â€Å"seeking to purchase resources at the lowest or most efficient costs, and seeking to sell goods, services, or assets for the highest obtainable profit.† Even though no one is acting for the benefit of anyone else, the self-interests balance each other, creating a mutually beneficial exchange for everyone. This â€Å"balancing force† is what Adam Smith metaphorically called the â€Å"invisible hand†. WHAT IS FIAT MONEY? In simple terms, if consumers and producers are both free to look out for the own interests, an equilibrium will be created. Consumers generate demand for goods, and producers respond by developing efficient production and distribution methods to meet the demand at the lowest possible cost; prices are regulated by competition, which is in turn created by the consumer demand. Society benefits as a whole, because as prices decrease due to competitive pressure and greater efficiency, volume increases; this obliges producers to pay more for labor to keep up with demand, which increases costs and prices, which are canceled out by the higher purchasing power of the now better-paid worker/consumers. Everyone gets what they want in increasing amounts, and no one has to worry about anything other than their own needs and desires. Misinterpretation and Controversy The idea of the â€Å"invisible hand† is popular with Objectivists and adherents of the Ayn Rand philosophy of â€Å"every man for himself†, but interestingly, the term in modern usage is applied to a section of Smith’s Wealth of Nations where it does not even appear. The idea that self-interested competition leads to larger social benefits appears early in the book, in Book I, Chapter 7, but the actual phrase â€Å"invisible hand† does not appear until Book IV, Chapter 4 in the following passage: â€Å"By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.† The idea that Smith expresses – that individual ambition has greater benefits – is a common theme throughout The Wealth of Nations, but the way Smith uses the metaphor of the â€Å"invisible hand† specifically refers to domestic versus foreign industry. Because the metaphor is consistent with Smith’s philosophical theme, it has been used to underpin the entire philosophy of neoclassical economics; George Stigler, a key leader of the Chicago School of Economics and close friend of Milton Friedman, once famously greeted a symposium on Smith’s work by saying, â€Å"I bring you greetings from Chicago, where Adam Smith is alive and well.† Much of the confusion about what Smith actually said and intended in his own work and the apparent source of the neoclassical application of the metaphor is the 1948 book Economics by Paul Samuelson, in which he quotes Smith’s â€Å"invisible hand† passage in a way that combines a bit of Smithâ€⠄¢s explanation of self-interest among market participants with the original quotation, thus linking the metaphor – perhaps inaccurately, perhaps not – to Smith’s entire economic philosophy. Despite Dr. Stigler’s amusing greeting, Adam Smith is not, in fact, alive and well to add further insight to the argument over what he really meant, so the safest interpretation is an analysis of what he actually wrote. The market participant prefers domestic industry to foreign industry, and we can infer reasons why this might be so; costs of production and transportation are lower, the goods produced are more suitable to the local market because of more available and complete information, and as a consequence of all that, prices for the goods that are produced are lower. Because the domestic industries are preferred for those reasons alone, the domestic society benefits through the need for labor to produce goods and raw materials – a positive, unintended consequence of the market participants’ pure self-interest. Thus social benefit is created as if guided by an â€Å"invisible hand†. Criticism of the â€Å"Invisible Hand† The strongest argument against the validity of the metaphor, and its consequential idea that markets should be allowed to regulate themselves, comes from the Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz, who wrote in his book The Roaring Nineties that, â€Å"the reason that the invisible hand often seems invisible is that it is often not there.† Free markets have certain limitations, according to Stiglitz, one of the most important being their inability to manage â€Å"externalities†. Stiglitz holds that the idea of unintended benefits being allowed to happen without some sort of accounting is irrational; if a person’s actions create a benefit for someone else for which he is not compensated, or if a person benefits from another’s actions without cost to himself, that person will adjust his activities accordingly – either reduce his activity to prevent â€Å"giving something away for free,† or reduce his activity to avoid paying for more tha n he needs, since he is receiving some of it at no cost. MONEY MAKES THE WORLD GO AROUND Stiglitz argues that any time there is imperfect information and some degree of risk uncertainty in markets – which is always – these â€Å"externalities†, which we can understand as â€Å"forces other than the supposed invisible hand and conceptual equilibrium of an efficient market†, are always present and make the market less efficient because market participants â€Å"hold back† a little. That is why, he says, that some of the most important developments in modern civilization, such as the telegraph, genetic advances in food production, and the internet, did not develop in markets but were supported by governments. In other words, some degree, hopefully, a balanced degree, of government intervention in markets is necessary, first to â€Å"take up the slack† in progress towards efficiency that is not happening in markets, and second to reduce risk uncertainty in ways such as enforcing contracts and protecting property rights.

To Err is Human

To Err is Human To Err is Human To Err is Human By Maeve Maddox If you are an American speaker, you probably pronounce the word err to rhyme with air. Although American, I went to school to nuns from Newfoundland; I learned to pronounce err to rhyme with fur, as in Pope’s verse, â€Å"To err is human; to forgive, divine.† Literally, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to wander or go astray from a marked path.† The noun error originally meant â€Å"the act of wandering.† Nowadays, both words are used only figuratively. One meaning of err is â€Å"to go wrong in judgment or opinion†: IPCC scientist and Pennsylvania State University professor of meteorology Michael Mann [said], Many scientists felt that report erred by underplaying the degree of confidence in the linkage between climate change and certain types of severe weather In a religious context, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to go astray† or â€Å"to sin†: Affluence causes people to err from the Truth. False teachers cause the faithful to err by their ignorance. Err rarely occurs in everyday speech except in the idiom â€Å"to err on the side of caution†: We cancelled a trip to California this month because of uncertainty over the safety of flying. I’d rather err on the side of caution. I’d rather doctors erred on the side of caution than risk a fatality. â€Å"To err on the side of caution† means, â€Å"to make the mistake of being more careful than necessary, rather than make the mistake of not taking sufficient precautions and later regretting it.† The American pronunciation of err to rhyme with air is the source of spelling errors: There doesn’t seem to be a true consensus on whether a UV filter is absolutely necessary for your lens. However I would rather air on the side of caution and have one. When unsure if crossing a public boundary that may create feelings of discomfort, it is best to air on the side of caution and simply send a private message. With rabies, ALWAYS  air on the side of caution. Another common error with err is semantic. Some speakers seem to think that â€Å"on the side of† in the expression â€Å"to err on the side of caution† means â€Å"to be on the side of,† or â€Å"to prefer† or â€Å"to show preference toward.† These speakers substitute other nouns for caution, with some interesting results: I tend to  err on the side of sports  car tires v rated or higher for the best grip. A standard television gives about 35 ftL. Big cinemas are about 15ftL. Definitely err on the side of television. I like both [cats and dogs] but I’d err on the side of dogs. Hide behind your money, boys. Mayor Bloomberg will always err on the side of wealth. I’ve also seen: err on the side of misery and guilt err on the side of disappointment err on the side of intelligence Two ways to avoid errors with the verb err: 1. Always end the phrase â€Å"err on the side of† with the word caution. 2. Remember the alternative pronunciation that makes err rhyme with fur. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with50 Types of PropagandaPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

International and Members of the International Court Essay

International and Members of the International Court - Essay Example The provision for the law is such that any culpable individual cannot escape the wrath. It is therefore still better if the US wants to take the initiative of subjecting the suspects to a trial. The sentiment of the Saudi government through their minister for defence can be lawfully interpreted as giving the suspects a feeling that either they are not responsible for the alleged crimes or that in the event that they are, then the US government has moral and legal authority to adjudicate on the matter. There may be no established structures within the US and Saudi government which clearly indicates the channel that should be pursued in such a case, and that it entirely depends on the goodwill of the Saudi government to surrender the suspect which in this case are their citizens to be tried in a foreign land. The prosecution in pursuit of the American system become appreciated on grounds that they are the complainant, just on this fact, they have the moral authority to try the suspects using their jury. On the other hand, the Saudi government may be right as giving another country a leeway to try citizens of your country is an act of surrendering sovereignty to foreigners. In the light of sovereignty, the Saudi government are legally in order to avert possible extradition of her citizens for a trial through a system they cast sufficient doubt in. the fact is even accentuated by the fact that no legal extradition arrangement exists between the two countries. In the event of extradition, it is legally proper that there should be a formal and effective arrangement that provides for a course of action in the event that such is necessary (Stanbrook, Ivor, and Clive 97).

Operations Management Issues and Proposed Solutions Term Paper

Operations Management Issues and Proposed Solutions - Term Paper Example The illustrated non-communication and cooperation by the networks and applications team is a recipe for disaster. This is in terms of failures in coordination of vital information on the performance of new products off the production line. There is an increased need to have more integration within work domains because of the high technical content of the subject that is interlinked and interconnected through IT (Brocke 198). A failure by one department translates to a failure by the whole production team because all departments are dependent on one another for success. This requires proper process monitoring and management to ensure comprehensive process management by basing these decisions on calculations of economic effects (Brocke 282). This should be done in an interactive manner ensuring that not only are the employees involved, but also the managers and stakeholders are involved to guarantee harmony in attitude towards the company’s goals. Perspective. The proper and eff ective use and application of IT in operations management is faced with numerous challenges that if not addressed sufficiently lead to erosion of quality operations. This is a concern that has been voiced by quality assurance departments within and without the company. This is because the effect of the breakdown in communication has been reflected in the quality of service and products produced from the two above mentioned departments. The nature of CAG Inc.’s business operations require excellent logistical support to ensure their services and products are efficiently delivered to their customers. Process management in the company is dependent upon the success of its IT in terms of application and utilization. Evaluation of the company’s communication capabilities and their... This essay stresses that changing the organizational structure of the company especially in production from vertical integration to horizontal integration will create both new opportunities and challenges for the company. In the context of this paper, changing from a vertical structural group to horizontal integration will work towards improving communication barriers within the organization. Horizontal organization empowers employee to make their own decisions and collaboration occur seamlessly. This paper makes a conclusion that advances in information technology have created more complexity and with it increased complications in defining costs and risks. CAG claims to be a technology company which employs high calibre and a technically skilled workforce. One of the proposed strategies is to consider building the system monitoring product in house with resources from both Information systems and technology groups. In order to proceed in this direction, the management needs to understand specific business processes and take into account strategic goals, external partners, and required systems support—all of which deserve thorough investigation. They also need to evaluate common business factors—such as project and business validation—before choosing the right solution approach. There are some inherent advantages to develop in house product like leveraging skilled workforce internal to the company as they tend to be cheaper due to IT department being a su nk cost.

Medical case study report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical case study report - Essay Example Frequent monitoring of the blood sugar at least after every 4 hours is also important to ensure the episodes of hypoglycaemia do not occur (1). The second scenario could be if Dooley’s creatinine clearance >50-60 ml/min or higher, it is recommended that metformin be administered at a reduced dose while increasing as tolerated to a highest of 1G daily. The third scenario is if Mr. Dooley had comfortably used Gliclazide 60mg for a long time, it may be continued. However, this should be taken with food followed by close monitoring of blood glucose to avert any episode of hypoglycaemia (2). Therapeutics issues: Clarithromycin has the capability of interacting with simvastatin thus may lead to the increase in the simvastatin’s blood levels because clarithromycin is CYP 3A4 inhibitor and Simvastatin mainly metabolised by CYP3A4 administration with drugs that inhibit these enzymes may increase its concentration which increase risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (Paravastatin a re not metabolised by CYP enzyme therefore it had reduce risk) (3). Also verapamil interact with simvastatin which could increase in simvastatin level which increase risk of liver damage. Heart rate may also be lowered by combining verapamil and clarithromycin since this combination reduces blood pressure and may cause dizziness and headaches. The patient is also advised to cease use verapamil because it has potential for side effects such as constipation. Suggested use of CCB (lercanidipin) 10mg daily which can be increased in a two weeks time depending on the therapeutic response exhibited by the patient. Long term use of coloxy and Senna is not recommended since they stimulate laxatives in long term treatment of constipation. It should therefore be withdrawn gradually within two to four weeks and the bowel condition checked regularly. The use of high doses of Fosinopril dose is not healthy for the elderly patient since it could also contribute to dizziness and lightheadness. The

Macbeth and R+J Essay Example for Free

Macbeth and R+J Essay Shakespeare communicates many moods in Macbeth and Romeo Juliet; the main moods are love, and hate fuelled betrayal, and in my work these are the themes I will analyse. In Romeo Juliet and Macbeth, vital characters have had to betray in order to achieve love, for example; In Romeo and Juliet; Juliet has to betray the authority of her father in order to fulfil her affection for Romeo. In terms of love this would mean that: The Storge (unconditional love, shared amongst family) that Juliet once felt for her father was met by misogyny (Hatred for Women) upon his realisation of Juliet’s Eros (love between two people) towards Romeo. Despite her subdued character, Juliet is adamant on not marrying Paris and betraying her family for Romeo. A quote to support this is; If all else fail, myself have power to die This signifies that Juliet would rather die than enter something that it not right. A quote from Juliet’s Father; â€Å"How now, how now, chop-logic! What is this? † – His use of repetition emphasises his fury in response to Juliet’s new found aggression in character, and his rhetorical question presents his dominance and highlights the hierarchy that was in place at the time to allocate superiority to male’s in a family, in this scene; the breakdown of Juliet’s Father and Mother’s relationship is most apparent. Furthermore this is a point where Juliet is most isolated from her family and becomes closer to Romeo. My alternate interpretation is that Juliet did not betray her family, but her family were betrayed by there own pride, Pride was the cataclysmic barrier between acceptance and condemnation. The most potent character development is Juliet’s, throughout the play she matures and becomes a lot more retaliant to authority and starts to become herself rather than obedient to thers, this process is strengthened because of the speed she has had to become responsible; due to the mandatory pressures she is expected to comply with and the swift 7 day time period in which the story is conveyed, this development in character gives her the willpower to betray her family; which also ultimately supports my point. The dramatic techniques used in Romeo and Juliet create a hastily strong impact due to the play being condensed into a week and an ambience of anxiety. In Macbeth there are several similarities that also support my point; Macbeth has to betray King Duncan despite his loyalty and Philia (The love of Friendship) has to betray him in order to acquire the Eros from the ever superior Lady Macbeth, this situation contradicts all convention as society was heavily patriarchal which suggests that women should be submissive to men; however in this occurrence Macbeth conforms with Lady Macbeths demands to murder King Duncan, this is the main contrast between Macbeth and Romeo Juliet. A quote that coincides with this is; â€Å"But screw your courage to the sticking-place, and well not fail† – Lady Macbeth challenges Macbeth to murder King Duncan, presenting her dominance and ambition over Macbeth. A quote from Macbeth after when placing the blame on the guards for King Duncan’s murder; Here lay Duncan, his silver skin laced with his golden blood†¦ the murderers, steeped in the colors of their trade – This illustrates the betrayal that Macbeth has committed, as his use of alliteration strengthens the deviation of this line and the fact that he is further betraying King Duncan post his death by laying the culpability on the guards; simultaneously justifying there execution. Additionally an alternative interpretation of betrayal is explained using this quote; â€Å"Who can be wise, amazed, temprate, and furious† – Macbeths use of antithesis (underlined) displays how he has slowly become contradictory since his brutal murder of King Duncan which I believe indicates he has betrayed his own nature. The main dramatic technique used in Macbeth is dramatic irony, dramatic irony is where something that is indicated at the start of the play will either become true or change at the end of the play or furthermore could mean the opposite of hat might happen. An example of this is that; â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our gentle senses. † – This is a significant use of dramatic irony, the description of the environment is pleasant; however unbeknown to King Duncan, this is where he will be murdered, and this also links in to betrayal. Moreover, at the start of the play, Macbeth describes Banquo to be a â€Å"Friend† however later in the play we know that Banquo becomes his enemy and has to be killed due to the fact he is a great threat to Macbeth’s throne; which is a further deception that Macbeth has carried out. Conclusively; I believe Shakespeare’s whole use of dramatic irony links in to betrayal directly, because the constant use of dramatic irony means that the plot keeps changing; effectively displaying that the plot betrays itself continually. This constantly conveys a mood of false anticipation and an eerie sense of the unknown. Reading more in depth into both plays, there are further comparisons; Such as the use of fate, when Romeo and Juliet fall in love we know that because of their backgrounds; it will lead to death, and similarly in Macbeth the witches tell a prophecy in which Macbeth becomes king and then dies both plays contain different forms of tragedy however both plays meet the same end. Evidence to support this in Romeo and Juliet is: â€Å"A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life† – Meaning that two different sided (Montague/Capulet) lovers take their life. And for Macbeth: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! † – This is the prophecy of Macbeth becoming king and then dying. Furthermore, in Romeo ; Juliet and Macbeth, death is a necessary price to be paid for peace, for example, Romeo and Juliet have to die in order for the Capulet’s and Montague’s to live in tranquillity, to support this, a quote from the beginning soliloquy: â€Å"What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend† – This means that where we have failed before we will strive to succeed now, signifying that Romeo and Juliet’s death were essential to the ‘Fair Verona’ achieving peace, likewise in Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s death was also fundamental to harmony being restored to the ingdom, an additional quote to support this is: â€Å"The usurpers cursed head: the time is free† – the quote is about Macbeth’s severed head, and diverts attention to the fact that with his death ‘the time is free’ which implies it is peaceful. However contrary there are many differences, for example the types of love/relationship between the two couples in each play; In Macbeth there relationship is very unstable and Lady Macbeth is very domineering over Macbeth; also there love for each other is not through passion; but through the lust for greed and power as Lady Macbeth is desperate for Macbeth to become king by killing King Duncan and betraying his loyalty to him: â€Å"And take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers† – This suggests she will do anything to become Queen and accentuates her ruthless nature; it also underlines the imbalanced relationship in which the position of superiority continuously changes dramatically. At the start Macbeth is a brave and noble hero and he is superior however as the play goes on and when Macbeth’s manhood is questioned by Lady Macbeth â€Å"are you not a man? † he then becomes submissive and is dictated by Lady Macbeth. In Romeo and Juliet

3 branches of government Essay -- essays research papers

Democracy is a Greek word meaning â€Å"rule by the people.† The idea of a democratic government began in Greece in 700 B.C, about twenty-five hundred years ago. Rome was so large that not everyone could play a role in government so the Roman citizens elected representatives to speak and act for them. This form of government was called a republic. The United States has a representative form of government. The representatives make laws and rules for the country. The government should be rated at an 8 because it has some flaws but it is still decent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three branches of government in the United States representative democracy. The legislative branch, makes the laws for the country and creates agencies and programs. The judicial branch makes the laws and determines if the acts of congress are constitutional or unconstitutional. The executive branch carries out the laws making it the most important branch of the United States government. The Judicial Branch in the United States, unlike most national Judicial systems, yields great political power and must be counted as part of the American Political system. Someone or some group must go to the court first; the court does not take the initiative. The Judicial Branch is a system of courts that manage court cases at all levels including federal, state, and local. Federal cases have a higher penalty under conviction. Judges of Federal court cases are both strict and just. If found guilty in a federal court one must face sentencing to a variety of punishments. Punishments include the death penalty and prison sentencing. â€Å"The Judiciary is the safeguard of our liberty and of our property under the constitution†. This quote is a good description of the judicial branch and courts. The Judiciary is a safeguard of our liberty because it governs the court system, which keeps society in line.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The goal of the Judicial branch is to hold people accountable for crimes and keep justice in the land. This goal is being reached for the most part. Those who commit crimes are brought to trial. The court system is responsible for many duties of justice. Courts make the world a safer place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Judicial Branch is made up of 3 types of courts: The Supreme Court, U.S. court of appeals and district courts consist of nine justices, are appointed... ... â€Å"Court Rulings; Virginia Laws: Cross Burnings†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Los Angeles Times 3 Nov. 2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Borenstein, Seth. â€Å"Anthrax forces House to Recess.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Philadelphia Inquirer 18 Oct. 2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gutkin, Steven. â€Å"Bombs Target the Front Lines†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delaware County Daily Times 22 Oct, 2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mills, Doug â€Å"Bush to Allies: â€Å"It’s Time To Act†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Philadelphia Inquirer 7 Nov. 2001 Magazine Source Samuel, Terence. â€Å"The Fight over Safe Flights.† U.S. News & World Report 12 Nov. 2001: 18. Television Source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"President Bush is Ready to Expand the National Guards Role At Airports†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ABCNews Tonight Peter Jennings. 9 Nov. 2001   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"President Bush returns to World Trade Center†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ABCNews Tonight Peter Jennings. 9 Nov. 2001

How do the directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski present Macbeth to their audiences? Essay

How do the directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski present Act I scenes I to IV of Macbeth to their audiences? In your work you must make reference to the techniques used by each director to create atmosphere and a sense of good and evil. You should pay special attention to the portrayal by each director of the character of the witches, Macbeth and Duncan. In this essay I am going to explore the different representations of the Shakespeare play Macbeth by directors Trevor Nunn and Roman Polanski. The scenes I will focus on are act I scenes I until act I scene 4. In these scenes I will pay specific attention to the Witches, Macbeth and King Duncan to show how the good and evil atmosphere in the play affected the events that befall. The witches are going to play a strong part in my essay because I believe that the supernatural is a major part of the play’s concept. The witches have a profound affect on Macbeth and so the plot is greatly governed by their actions. The atmosphere they produce has a great affect on the audience The atmosphere is important because it gives the audience strong first impressions of what the play in trying to show. The portrayal of good and evil interlink with the atmosphere and are important in showing how Macbeth starts off with noble thoughts and is brought to corruption by the three witches. I will start off by looking at how Trevor Nunn expressed his interpretation of the Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Trevor Nunn makes the play into a stage performance. The whole play is summed up with Trevor Nunn’s comment: ‘I want to photograph the text’ In my opinion I think this is just what he did. The sound effects were made openly by the actors and there are no scenic effects, just groupings and close-ups in coloured light. This gave the play the perfect setting for the atmosphere that Shakespeare was trying to portray, he wanted a strong feeling of uneasiness and the supernatural, and the close set gave just this. After the play is introduced the 12 actors in the cast appear to be sat in a circle. A bright light behind illuminates each character so that each of the actors’ faces appear to be light or dark or in some cases only half in shadow. Trevor Nunn used this opening as a way to give the audience a quick insight into which of the characters has an evil side and which are good. The scenes were performed in the centre of the circle while members of the cast who were not involved with the scene watched from outside. This works well because of the positioning of the lights; they illuminate the participating actors only and the light does not shine on the other members of the cast. The lighting arrangement on the stage allows the cast to appear to vanish. An example of this technique is after the witches have meet Macbeth: they appear to disappear in to thin air when in fact they have just stepped out of the light. The play involves many close-ups and extreme close-up shots. This is because there is no scenery in the background, unlike Polanski’s version, so the cameras pay specific detail to facial features and body movement. The camera often shows a group of people before zooming in on the face of a particular character so as to show the circumstance s/he is in. This helps develop the plot and give more depth to the different characters and their personalities. The costume in the play is very important in expressing good and evil. The costumes are mainly black and white because of this; white being associated with pureness and black being associated with evil. The white of King Duncan’s costume resembles purity and holiness while the green/black costumes of the witches resemble flagitiousness and the unnatural. During Act 1 Scene 4, Macbeth and Banquo help King Duncan to his throne where the Royal Crown is placed upon his head. The Crown is a very important stage prop because it reminds everyone that King Duncan is a powerful character. It is very important to the plot because it is Macbeth and Banquo who support the crown and Macbeth kills both Banquo and Duncan to get to it. King Duncan also possesses a crucifix which he wears around his neck. Although he appears to be holy, the crucifix shows the audience that his faith in God. However, there is also a possibility that Duncan wears the crucifix because he fears the supernatural and he believes that the crucifix will protect him. At the beginning of the play we see that Macbeth is wearing a black costume. This means that the audience does not know whether he is noble or corrupt and this adds suspense to the atmosphere. I think that the use of this co-ordination is very good because it allows the audience to use the colour sense for good and evil to aid in their understanding of the plot. The atmosphere is very important in the play. It keeps the audience interested and adds an extra depth to the plot. The stage set creates a feeling of claustrophobia that adds to the evil and unnatural. When they are accompanied by the fact that the cast are wearing monochrome costume and the black, featureless background the atmosphere is very strong and mystical. The atmosphere with the witches is especially powerful. The witches speak using rhyming couplets and to a different rhythm to the rest of the play. There is a chorus in which they all join in: ‘Double, double, toil and trouble: Fire, burn and cauldron, bubble’ Act 4 Scene 1 The alliteration with the repeated ‘d’ and ‘b’ sounds make the chant sound very powerful and is very catchy. The supernatural aspect in Shakespeare’s Macbeth is very important and Trevor Nunn has captured it very well. By using the stage techniques previously explored, he captured the battle of good and evil between the witches and King Duncan. At the beginning of the play, we hear the witches scream of chaos against Duncan’s words of prayer. This strong image of good versus evil and the strong supernatural actions of the witches gives the play a powerful start. The lighting position he uses allows the witches to suddenly vanish giving a strong supernatural effect. Later in the play, Lady Macbeth calls on the supernatural through the earth (this has strong connotations with the Devil’s presence in the Earth) using methods that would have been thought suspicious in Shakespeare’s time. In Trevor Nunn’s version of Macbeth, Macbeth appears to be young, valiant and noble. However as the play progresses we are able to see the changes occur in him. This change is much more apparent because of the fact that Macbeth starts off so innocent – we are able to see the change more clearly. Banquo appears to be older than Macbeth, a veteran maybe, who shows little fear and appears at the start of the play to be a noble man. He is dressed in slightly less dark clothing which inter-links with the evil/good dress code. Roman Polanski’s version is a very different interpretation of Macbeth. The most noticeable difference is that he has presented his rendering as a motion picture. More colour and music is used to aid the portrayal of the plot to the audience and there is much more background detail. The film shows a lot of strong images, for example, the witches on the beach at the prelude of the play. The ability to edit scenes using computers and the possibility of picture enhancing allows a much more realistic play that the people of today can deal with more easily. The realism of the film helps the audience understand the plot using visuals, which are much more effective in assisting cognition. The play starts off with the credits appearing with battle sounds playing. The camera appears to be moving towards the battle scene but it never gets there. The first scene is the battlefield, littered with bodies and burning remains of chariots, soldiers are roaming around salvaging what they can. When the witches appear on a deserted beach, they perform a ritual involving blood, spit and a severed hand. They bury them in the sand and perform their opening lines from Act 1 Scene 1. Roman Polanski uses many effects that can only be used in a motion picture. The use of mid shots and long shots are possible because Polanski’s Macbeth has a very detailed background. The different screen shots are combined using wipes and fades that can only be used in films. Polanski has used special effects to emphasis the circumstance, for example, music or sounds of the event like marching and battle sounds. Zoom is often used to show up more detail in the background or foreground. For example, in the background the zoom is used to give the effects of expanse on the beech and of the countryside. In the foreground the zoom can focus on different relevant facial features such as eye shifting. Extreme close-up shots a give very good aspect view of important actions that are too difficult for the audience to spot from mid or long shots. The camera angle varies throughout to make the most of different views, this helps maximise the impact of the film on the audience. The atmosphere in this version is not as intense as in the Trevor Nunn version. This is partially due to the expanse in which the scenes are set and very little of the claustrophobia that is entrapped in the Nunn version exists in this environment. The special effects that have been utilised by Polanski enhance the effect of the atmosphere. Though the same text is used, visual detail like different backgrounds helps stimulate the eyes as well as the ears. Also, the sound affects used by Polanski are much more intricate than Nunn’s because he has used computer effects for the battle sounds. The music he uses adds depth to the actions the cast are performing and plays a major part in boosting the strength of the atmosphere. The lighting does not play as large a part as in Trevor Nunn’s Macbeth. However, the different angles at different times of day hitting the surrounds can cause effects that are very clever. For example, near the beginning of the film the witches are on the beach and when they depart, the light reflecting off the water makes it appear as if they are walking on water (The supernatural affect of this would have been good). From what I can tell, no artificial light is used, unlike in Trevor Nunn’s where artificial light is all that is used. The costume in Polanski’s version is very extensive. Each individual character has their own dress colours; they appear to wear what they want. The Knights wear armour and the women wear colourful dresses, the men wear trousers and boots and the children wear similar smaller versions. The witches had to be portrayed as dilapidated so their clothes are ragged and shabby. One of the witches wears a mask and make-up to make her appear more of a reject of society, a freak. Modern audiences need special effects like this to keep them interested in the film. Macbeth and Banquo appear younger in this version. Macbeth appears to be a valiant young man who has now proved himself in battle while Banquo fights beside him having already proven his valour. After having analysed both productions, I believe that they are both very strong interpretations of Macbeth. I found that Polanski’s version was more easily understandable because there were many things providing the outline of the plot both orally and visually. However, Nunn’s was more moving because he captured the atmosphere that I think Shakespeare wanted to encapsulate when he wrote the play. I think that Nunn expressed his interpretation very strongly. His statement about wanting to photograph the text was defiantly what he set out to do and what I think he achieved. Roman Polanski swapped a couple of the scenes around to try and help the audience understand more easily. However, Trevor Nunn kept to the text indefinitely. This is backed up by the fact that he stated he wanted to ‘photograph the text’. I think that they both portrayed Macbeth as I had imagined he would have been. He appears to start of a picture of heroics, which gradually changes for the worse. They are both young and have proven their honour in battle. The theme of good and evil was very well portrayed in Trevor Nunn’s version. The witches created more of an atmosphere than in Polanski’s and the lighting worked very well in helping the witches appear as if they were disappearing. However, Polanski did a very good job of creating an evil atmosphere using a motion picture. He was able to use computers and colour more vividly.

How Laughter Works Essay

The essay that I chose from the book was the one by Marshall Brain â€Å"How Laughter Works†. I chose to write about this essay because this one is more in depth of where laughter actually comes from how its more than just jokes that people laugh at every day. Start off with a dash of sarcasm and a dash of vulgarity. At least that’s what my friends and I do. Laughter is a form of enjoyment towards one another. Means we are remotely comfortable to be openly laughing at something. Laughter is defined as â€Å"A voluntary reaction to certain external or internal stimuli.† It is also most commonly considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states such as joy, mirth, happiness, relief etc. Laughter usually occurs when one is comfortable to be around another person. Researchers believe that the purpose of laughter is related to making and strengthening human connections. A psychological study showed that laughter has its own name – gelotolo gy. Gelotology is from the Greek word â€Å"gelos† meaning laughter. Brain mentions people that are ticklish often wonder â€Å"Why can’t I tickle myself?† In order for tickling to work the brain needs tension and surprise. Obviously when you try to tickle yourself you know its coming so the brain does not react to you tickling yourself. But if someone starts to tickle you, your brain has that surprise and then you tense up. This made sense to me but not completely. Laughter also benefits one’s health and fight disease. The purpose of laughter is to relieve ourselves from stress of everyday life and laughter also increases our white blood cells and our immune system. Laughter releases endorphin which is the body’s natural pain killer and so is a pleasant act, producing a general feeling of well-being. Mental health professionals are suggesting â€Å"laughter therapy†, which teaches the patients to laugh at things that are not usually funny. It also helps the patients cope with difficult situations. Laughter just in general makes anyone feel great about one ’s self. Laughter is considered one of the best medic ations. Laughter predates human speech by millions of years, scientists think. It likely evolved as an early form of communication to help people negotiate group dynamics and establish hierarchy. Laughter nowadays is a form of expression. We rarely laugh when we are by ourselves but when we are with other people we laugh more out loud. People usually laugh at anything that they find humorous, even other people for the most part. For instance, The Darwin awards are stories about people who Brain mentions people make careers based on laughter, like comedians. No matter where you go, what city you visit, more than likely there will be a comedy club somewhere in that town. Or you can just go to the local bar and find amusement there. Comedy is also found on television. You can watch your daily dose of Scrubs or Friends and get your endorphins flowing. Laughter always helps other people get people out of a funk that they are in, laughter is contagious. When someone laughs it triggers circuits in our brains then a grin appears which makes more laughter happen. Brain said that depending on age, we laugh about different things. Like if you were a pre-teen in your teenage years basically they laugh at anything mentioning sex, peers, and food and authority figures. As you mature our taste in what we think is funny changes. As we get into adulthood, they usually joke about something less judgmental and more on specific things like referring to movies or plays etc. Brain made me think hard about this. As I read about the pre-teens and teenage years I was thinking what I joked about during that time, and he’s right. Even as we mature we joke around but our jokes now are not like what we used to joke about as kids. I never really thought about it until I read it in this essay. Brain also mentions researchers say that people often store their negative emotions of anger and sadness and fear rather than talking about it someone. Laughter releases all of that built up stress of keeping all of those emotions in. If we start to laugh too much or too hard we start to burst out into tears. Not in a bad way but a good way. This triggers our emotions and the tears are just squeezed out because we scrunch our face when we laugh. When we laugh harder it makes our body want to release some hormones, which are found in tears. The higher the hormones in the tears means the more you have stress. In this essay I believe Brain gave a lot of detailed information and actually made it an easy read. Going through I noticed Brain categorized every section so you knew what you were reading about and not confused about jumping from one subject to another. I did do some more research to verify and find something new on the subjects. Like how laughter was a form of communication 10 million years ago and how laughter is contagious, but I think everyone knows about that one. In Brains’ essay I have learned pretty much everything there is to know on laughter. Where it comes from, what we laugh at, and how it affects our health. I know we laugh about more than just jokes but I had no idea it helps our health. Basically laughter is a cure for anything nowadays. References Brain, M.(2009). How laughter works In , W.H Thelin (Ed.), Writing without Formulas (pp.428-435 ). Mason,OH ; Cengage Learning. Reflective Letter The essay I chose to do a critique on was â€Å"How Laughter Works† by Marshall Brain. This essay grabbed my attention because as I just skimmed the pages deciding which one I was going to read, this essay was very well organized and just by the titles of the sections it was very in depth. This essay was a good read in my eyes. If readers want to know basically the history of laughter or where it comes from, then I would suggest this to any reader. My main point of my essay is basically highlighting all the sections that Brain had wrote about. Brain fascinated me with all the in depth information about the brain itself and the functions of laughter. I believe the audience that would be interested in reading my paper are people who might have thought Brains’ essay was too long for them to read or basically someone who enjoys information more than just reading something to get a laugh out of it. Brains’ essay was filled with information basically over flowing, and I just highlighted some of the main points that he talked about in each section. As I read Brains’ essay, I took notes but I typed them so I could start paragraphs from them. I also did research on some of his topics that interested me , like the section of the brain where laughter or emotion comes from. At the beginning of writing my paper basically I had all these paragraphs typed but not in order, I just type what comes to mind. I then would read over all the paragraphs and try and make sense of them and put them in order. I then went through and edited the paragraphs that needed to be edited.

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays (9508 words) - Free Essays

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essays (9508 words) - Free Essays MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADVANCED CORPORATE STRATEGY ( MGT 6266 ) INDIVIDUAL COMPANY CASE STUDY Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Report prepared by: Abdulla Abdulqader Al-Attas (G1430873) Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc467903143 \h 3 Mission, Visions, Value, and Objectives PAGEREF _Toc467903144 \h 4 Business model and other relevant information PAGEREF _Toc467903145 \h 5 External Analysis PAGEREF _Toc467903146 \h 5 The PESTEL Analysis PAGEREF _Toc467903147 \h 6 The 5-Forces Model of Competition PAGEREF _Toc467903148 \h 8 Drivers of Change PAGEREF _Toc467903149 \h 12 Strategic Group Mapping PAGEREF _Toc467903150 \h 13 Internal Analysis PAGEREF _Toc467903151 \h 15 Financial Report / Financial Ratio PAGEREF _Toc467903152 \h 15 SWOT and TOWS Analysis PAGEREF _Toc467903153 \h 18 Value-Chain analysis PAGEREF _Toc467903154 \h 21 Competitive Strength Assessment PAGEREF _Toc467903155 \h 22 Identification of Strategies PAGEREF _Toc467903156 \h 24 Corporate Strategy PAGEREF _Toc467903157 \h 24 Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix PAGEREF _Toc467903158 \h 24 External Factor Evaluation (EFE matrix) PAGEREF _Toc467903159 \h 26 Business Strategy PAGEREF _Toc467903160 \h 29 Functional strategy PAGEREF _Toc467903161 \h 30 Operational Strategy PAGEREF _Toc467903162 \h 31 Recommendation PAGEREF _Toc467903163 \h 31 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc467903164 \h 32 Introduction Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (Dutch Lady Malaysia), is a manufacturer of dairy products established in Malaysia since 1950 under Royal FrieslandFoods, a Netherlands-based multinational cooperative. However, in December 2008 FrieslandFoods and Campina merged and Dutch Lady Malaysia became a subsidiary of FrieslandCampina new organization. In 28 May 1963, Dutch Lady Malaysia was incorporated as a private joint-stock limited company called Pacific Milk Industries (Malaya) Sdn Bhd. It started with the production of a single product - sweetened condensed milk - and has since expanded to a full range of dairy products locally manufactured in its factory located in Petaling Jaya. It was FrieslandFoods' first production facility based outside of the Netherlands. Its current products include growing up milk, UHT milk, pasteurised milk, sterilised milk, family powdered milk, low fat and 0% fat drinking yoghurt, and low fat yoghurt. Some of its products are also distributed to surrounding countries in Asia and Oceania. In 2011, Dutch Lady Malaysia was reported as the market share leader in the growing up milk segment - with the Dutch Lady brand holding 40% of national market share. Its financial record for first quarter of 2012 showed a 9 percent increase in revenue year-on-year, with a net profit of RM27.5 million (US$8.72 million). A slowdown in the Malaysian dairy industry, led Dutch Lady Malaysia to miss on achieving its RM1 billion sales target for 2013. Nevertheless, in 2014 2015 Dutch Lady Malaysia achieved beyond the RM 1 billon sales target. Royal FrieslandCampina is a multinational that produces and markets natural, nutritious and high-quality dairy products and ingredients. Taste, health, convenience and reliability are key characteristics. The company employs 21,000 people and has about 100 production and sales locations in 25 different countries. FrieslandCampina organises its activities into ftheir business groups: Consumer Products Europe, Consumer Products International, Cheese Butter and Ingredients. The product range consists of consumer milk, milk in powder and concentrated form, dairy drinks, yoghurts, desserts, cream, coffee creamers, baby and infant food, cheese, butter and ingredients. Its most important brands are Campina, Chocomel, Completa, Dutch Lady, Frisian Flag, Foremost, Betagen, Friesche Vlag, Fruttis, Fristi, Vifit, Landliebe, Milli, Mona, Optimel, Optitheyll, Puddis, P, Fruttis, NoyNoy, Peak, Rainbow, Yazoo, Appelsientje, DubbelFrisss, CoolBest, Debic, Frico, Milner, Buttergold, Valess, DMV, Kievit, Domo, Creamy Creation and Nutrifeed. Mission, Visions, Value, and Objectives Dutch Lady Malaysia vision is "To further strengthen our position as the leading dairy company, driving growth" . The vision do portray Dutch Lady Malaysia aspirations for the future. However, the vision had few shortcomings: Not graphic: does not paint a clear picture of where the company is headed Not memorable: it need to be memorable to be easily communicated Not complete: the vision statement seems to be incomplete Nevertheless, Dutch Lady Malaysia vision is in line with its mission and describe the organization who they are, what they do and why they are here. Dutch Lady Malaysia mission is "Helping Malaysians move forward in life withtrusted dairy nutrition ", Dutch Lady Malaysia aim to continue developing products that contribute toa healthy society. Dutch Lady Malaysia aims to continue its effort in combating obesity and nutrient deficiency by ensuring that its products are responsibly manufactured, healthy and