Capitalism and Proletariats - 945 Words

Critiques of social contract theories abound, even including criticisms from social contract theorists themselves, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke’s social contract theory remains one of the prominent theories to this day, and includes the idea that a thing owned in common can be obtained by adding one’s labor to it. Critics of social contract theories aren’t simply seeking to negate the theories of social contract theories, but in many cases are seeking to enhance them and show how they can be applied to certain principles. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is one critic of social contract theory, who begins his work with an alternative to foundational state of nature conjectures used by social contract theorists such as†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Finally the distinction between capitalist and landowner, between agricultural laborer and industrial worker, disappears and the whole society must divide into the two classes of proprietors and pro pertyless workers. There are two classes according to Marx; the capitalists and proletariats. The old distinctions that existed under feudalism or previous economic modes are no longer relevant; under capitalism there are only capitalists and proletariats. There exists dialectic, which is the tension between capitalists and proletariats. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes. When these classes conflict arise, Marx asserts that they will create a new mode of production that will lead to more class conflict that will eventually lead to the abolishment of classes and ultimately result in communism. Marx reaches this conclusion after examining the historical former modes of production, namely slavery and feudalism. According to Marx, tension between the lords and the serfs led to the creation of a new mode of production and the system of capitalism. In time, Marx supposes that tensionShow MoreRelatedWhy Was There a Struggle Between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat Which Would Create the Preconditions for Socialism?895 Words   |  4 Pages according to Marx and Engels in  The Manifesto of the Communist Party,  was there inevitably struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, which would create the preconditions for socialism? ___________________ The theories of Karl Marx have influenced some of the world’s greatest thinkers. Marx’s idea of the inevitable class struggle within capitalism and consequent place for a socialist society is professed within ‘The Manifesto of the Communist Party.’ It is necessary to explore whyRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesthat as the bourgeoisie, motivated by ruthless capitalism and industrialization, accrued more and more wealth, the proletariat would gain class consciousness and move from being a class in itself to a class for itself; in essence, the growth of capitalism would paradoxically be its own undoing. In order to understand this paradox of capitalism’s success, it is first helpful to trace the development of the bourgeoisie and the birth of the proletariat. As previously mentioned, Marx’s writings adamantlyRead MoreMarx And Engels, The Manifesto Of The Communist Party888 Words   |  4 Pagesdetails the emergence of capitalism and also telling us or predicting about the future of capitalism. They also talked about the class struggles of society and what brought about these tensions. In their own day, the power and class struggles was between the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. Furthermore, the Bourgeoisie were the ones who owned the means of production such machinery, factories and their own main source of revenue was profit from their production. Whereas the Proletariat are the workers whoRead MoreThe Nature Of The Good Life1295 Words   |  6 Pagescalled capitalism the dictatorship of the upper class. , saying that it was run by the wealthy class solely to make profit and maximize their own benefits. The end product and goal of capitalism was simply economic gain. In this philosophy there has to be organized production, which includes the means of production, such as factories, facilities, machines, and raw materials. Throughout this paper I will describe certain aspects of Karl Marx’s philosophy mainly focusing on why capitalism is notRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesthat as the bourgeoisie, motivated by ruthless capitalism and industrialization, accrued more and more wealth, the proletariat would gain class consciousness and move from being a class in itself to a class for itself; in essence, the growth of capitalism would paradoxically be its own undoing. In order to understand this paradox of capitalism’s success, it is first helpful to trace the development of the bourgeoisie and the birth of the proletariat. As previously mentioned, Marx’s writings adamantlyRead MoreMarxist Theory On Capitalism And Communism1468 Words   |  6 Pages Marx employed materialism in two facets of his theoretical work, historical materialism and dialectical materialism. Materialism is a central component of Marx’s study of Capitalism and theoretical development of Communism. Historical Materialism Historical materialism serves a dual role in the Marx theories on Capitalism and Communism. The first purpose is a frame for understanding the perpetuation of class inequality throughout history and across societies. The second purpose is in conceptualizingRead MoreMarxs Views and Exploitation686 Words   |  3 PagesMarx and Exploitation In Marxs view the capitalist society is comprised of two distinct classes, the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat ( labor) (Wolff). The focus of the bourgeoisie (owners) is to produce products (commodities) at a product with profit being the amount of money being made on a commodity after deducting all input expenses (including labor expenses) (Wolff). This net amount or profit is referred to as surplus value by Marx (Wolff). The goal of the bourgeoisieRead MoreEssay on Marxs Theories1550 Words   |  7 Pagesbut the fact remains that the overthrow of capitalism has yet to materialize. I argue that the communist revolution has not yet occurred because the proletariat has been unable to develop the universal class consciousness that Marx asserts is a necessary condition for his predicted mass uprising. Additionally, I postulate that the theories of Weber and Simmel reveal the factors impeding the formation of class consciousness among members of the proletaria t. While Marxist ideology dismisses theRead MoreAsses the Marxist View That the Main Role of the Family Is to Serve the Interest of Capitalism847 Words   |  4 PagesAsses the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism. Within sociology there are many different perspectives on the family. Each different perspective sees different things as the main role of the family.  Marxists view the family in a very disparaging light. They believe that the main role of the family is to serve the interest of capitalism and bourgeoisie. Marxists also believe that the family cushions the main provider. Karl Marxs view on the capitalisticRead MoreSurplus Value Is The Most Significant Concept1298 Words   |  6 Pagescontribution to economic analysis. (Letter to Engels 1867) It is the main source of oppression and exploitation over the proletariat within a capitalist society. It allows Marx’s ideas to follow a consecutive lineage, from the oppression of the proletariat, to overcoming false class-consciousness, finally leading to the Proletarian revolution. Surplus value is the key reason why the proletariat must rebel and regain the true value of their labour, instead of it being appropriated by the capitalist class (Bourgeoisie)

The Beauty Standards Set For African American Women

The beauty standards set for African American women has shifted drastically in the past decades due to the change in popularized stereotypical images portrayed through the explicit lyrics of hip hop and rap music. How African American women are portrayed in the music industry has had a profound impact on how black women view themselves as well as other races, it promotes unrealistic body sizes/images, and colorism in the black community because of how the new age rap and hip hop stigmatizes and sexualize the Black woman’s body as a whole. Not only are males rap artist contributing to the exploitation of African woman but also the women of rap as well are adding to the derogatory and disrespectful image that is perceived by society. Music has always served as a channel for African American men to eloquent the issues they have living as an oppressed entity. But because of how rap artist portray African American women in their songs and music videos, they have stigmatized black women as non-intelligent sexual entities. In Dionne Stephens’ and April Few’s article, they examine the eight sexual images of African American woman in today’s society which originated from Stephens and Philips study in 2003. The widely accepted images are the â€Å"Diva, the Gold digger, the Freak, the Dyke, the Gangster Bitch, the Sister Savior, the Earth Mother, and the Baby Mama† and they are portrayed in the hip hop music industry and culture. (Stephens and Few) These categories that society places theShow MoreRelatedBody Image : The African American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesImage in the African American Culture Today we live in a society that over the years has become so obsessed with body image and how an individual should look. Different cultures have different standards and norms that help to define their ideal body image. African Americans because of their differences in culture have gone against most cultural norms and have set their own definitions of beauty, body image, and body satisfaction. Because of these key differences, the African American communityRead MoreAfrican American Women s Assimilation Into White Culture770 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal thought to African-Americans, especially African-American women, audience about why African-American hated themselves and wanted to be white. This self-hatred and desire to be white stems from the pressure to absorb and assimilate to white culture, which calls for African-American women to deny their race completely. This is perpetuated by which is proliferated practices and rhetoric that suggest that being African-American is equ ated to being inferior. Thus African-American women have sustainedRead MoreThe Beauty Standards Of America1099 Words   |  5 PagesCommon standards set by society are deemed as appropriate for all people no matter what race. American people are very diverse and what is acceptable to gender, age or race differs from person to person. More specifically, American women share complaints regarding the unrealistic beauty standards that are set by the media and society. Many women complain that it is not fair that they are judged by their outer appearance and are viewed as not beautiful enough, or not normal when they do not conformRead MoreDiscrimination Based Upon The Tone Of One s Skin Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world. Although colorism is a worldwide issue, it is unique to African Americans due to the experience of slavery and its long-term psychological effects. African American men and women both experience colorism but the psychological effects are more prominent in women. Women in the black community are greatly affected by colorism starting at a young age. This is due to the history of the European standard of beauty in North America which plays a big role in how it affects their self-imageRead MoreThe Role Of Social Media On Women1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthe influenced constructed standards affect women long term and what exactly influences how girls act, look and think about themselves? Starting from a youth age through adolescence, which is the average age of still trying to figure out their identity, and in many cases lasting until adulthood, girls compare themselves and set their mindset to look like the celebrities they watch in T.V., magazines, music videos or movies.Yet, the issue is that by watching these women in tight dresses and such exquisiteRead MoreAfrican-American Beauty1684 Words   |  7 PagesTiffany What Is Beauty to the Young Black Female? There’s more to me that the human eye can see. I’m a woman of purpose and destiny. A perfect design, I’m special and unique. I won’t be identified by the parts that make up my physique. My beauty is not defined by my skin or my hair and my soul has more value than the clothes that I wear. I’m not a symbol of pleasure or sex appeal; I have the natural ability to comfort and the power to heal. When God made me, He created aRead MoreThe Perfect Body Campaign : Advertisement1214 Words   |  5 PagesCampaign: Advertisement 1† portrays pale bodies juxtaposed against an achromatic backdrop, each either slyly looking away or smiling coquettishly at the camera. Thick, sizable lettering fills the center of the image audaciously proclaiming that these women have â€Å"The Perfect Body†. Each woman wears a matching bra and pantie. Their bodies are svelte with at least one of their feet angled into a pointed position as if they are dancing their way into the viewers’ bedrooms. A darker figure occupies the centerRead More Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: The American Way1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bluest Eye: The American Way  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Ownership, class structures, and consumerism go hand in hand. Morrison illustrates this throughout the novel and in the characters identities. Many of the characters identify themselves based on material possessions: the simple ownership of a car, the use of consumer products, and property ownership. Although African Americans may take these things for granted now, in the early 1900s this would be considered a major accomplishment. There isRead MoreWoman Is The Nigger Of The Wolrd: The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison934 Words   |  4 Pagesa species. ‘The total absence of human recognition† (Morrison, 36). For decades, African-Americans have not only been looked down upon by white people, they have been dehumanized. Toni Morrison is controversial for pillorying this topic, that has been silenced by white society for years, not from the ‘Master Narrative’ perspective, that is the white male one’s, but from the exact opposite of this: an African-American girl. By doing this, she does not only awake pity for Pecola at the reader but alsoRead MoreEssay on Image of African American Women845 Words   |  4 PagesImage of African American Women Despite the strong presence of the beautiful, powerful, black women in the media, such as Michelle Obama, Oprah Winfrey, and Beyoncà © Knowles, African American females have been deemed unattractive in society’s eyes. These notions did not develop overnight, but remain as obstacles birthed from slavery. These stereotypes keep the black female incarcerated under the belief that they are not beautiful. However, black women have fought and are fighting these harmful perceptions

The Great Wall Of China - 1196 Words

Ancient History Speech Draft Good morning/afternoon. 8 MINUTES Rational – difficulties (finding info, particularly on the topic), why you picked the topic (always wondered about†¦. Fascinating†¦) my presentation includes modules of ________ so you can see the construction of _____ Today I am going to be presenting the Great Wall of China and what political and military reasons it was built for. The construction was a feat of great magnitude and reflected the innovations and technological advancements of the Ancient Chinese. The reason I have decided to focus upon the Ancient Chinese is because I find China a very interesting civilisation. The ancient Chinese civilisation began 7,000 to 8,000 years ago and about 2,500 years ago the civilisation was attacked by the Mongols. The Chinese Government decided to defend itself and so they built a very large wall across the northern Chinese mountains in the 7th century, so therefore 700B.C., and it is located north and northwest of Beijing. This wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China nowadays. The wall was built over 2000 years ago and was 5000km long! The Great Wall of China’s thickness ranges from 4.5m to 9m and is up to 7m tall. The wall was built along mountain ridges, across mountain passes, or across key transportation areas on flat land. The Great Wall was built from materials such as stone, soil, sand and bricks especially for the foundation of the wall. When the bricks were not available to use, theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Wall Of China1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Great Wall] demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people.†(cortland.edu). China is considered one of the world’s oldest civilizations with the first dynasty beginning in 221 B.C.. A famous icon of this great civilization is the Great Wall of China, or known to the Chinese as Wan Li Chang Cheng. During the Warring States period, many feudal societies built their own sections for security. Eventually the walls were connected and there was a unified China. WithRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1641 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Wall of China is known as the largest construction project to be put in effect in all of world history. The wall, also known in China as long wall of 10,000 li, is a collection of n umerous short walls extending along the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. Although it is a common misconception that the Great Wall of China is one long continuous wall, it s structural inconsistency in no way undermines its greatness. The wall has been built, destructed, rebuiltRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1266 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Wall of China James Allen World History 1st period February 1, 2015 The first unified Chinese empire was formed in 221 B.C., that was when seven states were brought together by Shi Huangdi, a conqueror from the state of Qin. Shi Huangdi means â€Å"first emperor.† Until the twentieth century all rulers of imperial China called themselves the emperor. The emperor was believed, by the people of China, to be the son of heaven, God-like. They believed that each ofRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China905 Words   |  4 Pages It has been said that the Great Wall of China is so immense that it can be seen from space with just the human eye. Unfortunately, that is simply a rumor and has been confirmed false. Nonetheless, the Great Wall of China is also the world’s longest wall and biggest piece of ancient architecture, which is still a pretty big deal. Its official length is about 13,170 miles long, more than four times the width of the United States. The wall crosses over ten provinces and cities, including QinghaiRead MoreThe Great Wall of China600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Wall of China is an assemblage of smaller walls built by various dynasties over many years. Builders erected these walls for protection from invasions by those from the north. The Great Wall itself, with a history lasting over 2000 years, measures approximately 5,500 miles in length, although some of the sections lie in ruin or have disappeared altogether. It is about 25 feet high and is 15-30 feet wide. It is the longest man-made structure in the world. In the 7th century B.C. the firstRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China2440 Words   |  10 Pagescollectively achieve the objectives. The Great Wall of China is an example of the history of the success goal of organization. Ming dynasty, Zhengtong Emperor has forced approximately 2 to 3 millions labor to build the defense wall to protect the empire and also border control that could encourage trade. With the Zhengtong Emperor led the organization of collective effort of the people, the result is 8851.8 kilometers of defense wall, with combined of previous built great wall is 21,196 kilometers, becomingRead MoreEssay on The Great Wall of China1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest architectural achievements ever recorded in history. The Great Wall translates to â€Å"long fortress.† The wall was made entirely by hand. It was built to protect the Chinese from intruders from different Nomadic Tribes. The wall is about 5,500 miles long. The wall did not stretch across all of China but it stretched from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West. Some people say that you can even see the wall from the moon! Wouldn’t that be somethingRead More The Great Wall of China Essay2903 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedies, but through this tragedy arose triumph with the wall, being soRead MoreGreat Wall of China Essay example1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China stretches about 5,500 miles long crossing deserts, mountains, grasslands, and plateaus. It took more than 2,000 years to build this incredible manmade structure. Many people died to build this wall. It displays the changes between the agricultural and nomadic civilizations. It proves that the superb structure was very important to military defense. It became a national symbol of the Chinese as a security for their country and its p eople. The Great Wall of China must be preservedRead MoreGreat Wall of China Report Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is truly one of the greatest architectural achievements in recorded history. The longest structure ever built, it is about 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) long and made entirely by hand. This wall is said to be visible from the moon. It crosses Northern China, from the East coast to Central China (Karls, 1). This massive wall is not only one of the ancient wonders of the world, but it also has been the inspiration of many writers and artists. With

Research in Business Social Advertising Techniques

Question: Describe about the Research in Business for Social Advertising Techniques. Answer: Section I Introduction Social advertising is a technique used by the marketers to integrate the marketing concepts to benefit the target consumers and audience for the benefit of social goods that they consume. Social marketing is a form of promoting and advertising the products to the target consumers. The traditional methods of marketing were advertisements and word of mouth or direct selling. With the rise in competition and new businesses, emerging the methods of marketing has changed. Technological advancement and emergence of internet and social media has changed the method of marketing and promotion. Customers rely and consume the goods that are presented in social medium sites such as LinkedIn and twitter (Castronovo and Huang 2012). The purpose of the assignment is to compare social media marketing and traditional methods of marketing and conclude which is better. The purpose of the assignment is to conduct a research on social marketing such as social network and why social media marketing is fur ther persuasive than customary methods of marketing. The most common used traditional methods of marketing that influenced the consumer behavior were word of mouth. The information on the products was acquired from peers and relatives that greatly influenced the purchase decisions of buyers. With the advancement in technology and increase in use of social media, the traditional method of work of mouth was affected by social marketing (Flew 2015). Problem statement Branding is a technique of creating a unique brand image and name in the market to attract loyal customers and achieve competitive advantage. Various factors and methods affect the buying behavior and decision of consumers. The most common factor that influences the buying behavior of consumers is the advertisement and promotion of products. The traditional method of promotion that is word of mouth has been affected by social media marketing. Many social network sites have emerged that used to focus more on social life and lifestyle previously. However, the content of social media sites are changing that focuses and emphasizing the need of people. Shopping has become more easier with the appearance of social medium marketing. The content of social media site ranges from clothing and lifestyle to food and beverages. Acquiring anything at any time and place has become easier with the use of social media marketing. Brand image and name plays a great role in influencing the buying decisi ons of purchasers (Coulter and Roggeveen 2012). Social media marketing helps in creating a unique brand image by broadcasting attractive advertisements in social media sites that will help in increasing consumer awareness. The research aims to study the reasons for success of social media marketing in crafting consumer behavior and the purchase decision. Research objectives and questions The aim of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on the purchase decision of consumers. It also aims at finding that whether social media marketing is persuasive than traditional word of mouth or not. The paper aims at finding the reasons for media and papers being more effective way of promotion than word of mouth. The research is more of informative than quantitative. Research objectives The objectives of the research are as follows: To understand the different techniques of promotion. To find the effects of social media marking on the purchasing decision of consumers. To find whether social media networks is persuasive or traditional word of mouth. To find out the reasons for social media being more effective than traditional word of mouth for influencing the purchase decision of consumers. To find out the root cause for the success of social media in influencing the purchasing decision of consumers. Research questions The questions of the research are as follows: What are the different techniques of promotions? What is the effect of social media marking on the purchasing decision of consumers? Are social media networks more influential than customary word of mouth? What are the reasons for social media being more effectual than conventional word of mouth for influencing the purchase decision of consumers? What is the root causes for the success of social media in influencing the purchasing decision of consumers? What collision does social media marketing have on consumers? Justification of the project The increase in social media sites has greatly influenced the purchase decision of consumers and has greatly affected the traditional word of mouth. Investigation of study is important as to understand which are more influencing social media networks or the traditional word of mouth. Word of mouth was the most common used tools by the consumers to make the purchase decisions. However, with the advancement in technology and increase in number of social media networking sites traditional methods of word of mouth has been greatly affected. Hence, it has become essential to understand how social media has influenced the purchasing decisions of consumers and the reason for the traditional method of word of mouth to fade away. The research indicates the main reason for new companies such as Apple and Zara to become successful is due to its promotion technique that attracts consumers that are loyal in nature (Gensler et al. 2013). The objectives of the research study will help in addressing and presenting the reasonable solution of the problems. Vast amount of people in todays world spend maximum time in surfing internet. Hence, posting advertisements in these sires is likely to influence consumers than the traditional word of mouth. The word of mouth technique is fading away due to differences in the lifestyle and choice of people. The objective of the research is to find whether social media is more influential or the word of mouth that will help in addressing the problems. Expected research outcome The outcomes of this learn will provide an analytical framework for investigating the effect of social media networks on the purchasing decisions of consumers. It is expected that traditional word of mouth has taken over social media marketing as a way of promotion. Consumers are greatly influenced by the advertisements on social media than is affected by the purchase decisions of others. People today spend maximum time in social media sites and hence advertisements of these sites are likely to affect the purchasing decisions of consumers. It is expected that the main reason for the use of social media sites for purchasing products be due to the convenience and the discounts that the company provides to customers (Risselada et al. 2014). The research will benefit the organizations understand the importance of branding and its effect in consumers. It will also help them understand the how important social media has become to create a unique brand image and the ways organizations can o ptimally utilise social media networks. Accessing information about the products has become easier due to social media networks (Goh et al. 2013). Section II Conceptual framework Figure: Conceptual framework (Source: created by author) Research hypothesis The research hypothesis is proposed as follows that is based on problem statement and research objectives: H (0) null hypothesis: Social media networks is persuasive than traditional word of mouth. H (1) Alternate hypothesis: traditional word of mouth is more persuasive than social media marketing. Methodology Literature review The word of mouth was the most influential and most used source of information by the consumers for making a purchase decision in the traditional years. In the initial years word of mouth was considered as the most effective way of promotion. Word of mouth did not require any advertisement and promotion and the information was just transferred by the peer prospects. The consumers could easily trust the product and purchase it (King et al. 2014). Word of mouth was said to be more persuasive in decision making due to its credibility and reliability by consumers. With the advent of internet the traditional word of mouth was affected by social media marketing. The number of social media and networking sites increased. People now a days spend maximum time in surfing internet and social media sites such as facebook, twitter and others (Lee et al. 2012). Hence, any advertisement in these sites is most likely to affect the purchasing decision of consumers. Social media sites provide a larger variety of products and give consumer a larger choice of products due to which they rely on social media sites more. Moreover, the advertisements on social media sites are so attractive that anyone will be influenced to purchase the particular products (Libai et al. 2013). The purchasing decision of consumer is dependent on various factors such as trust, credibility, reliability and awareness. Since it is easy to get all the information of the product on internet easily consumers awareness increases that in turn increases the reliability. Due to differences in the choices and lifestyle of consumers, the consumers will opt for Television, internet and newspaper for accessing the information of the product (Okazaki and Taylor 2013). Social media has become a wide place by marketers for the promotion of products and services. The reason for this is that social media marketing has become more convenient and time saving. There is no need to print out bi llboards and hoardings. The organizations juts need to post an advertisement on social media sites that stars the favorite actors to promote its products (Pfeffer et al. 2014). It is also cost effective. Social media marketing is influential as it has capability of targeting the wider range of customers and market as compared to the traditional word of mouth method. Data series and surveys/Questionnaires (Data collection method) Various methods are taken to collect the appropriate information. The objective of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on customers and its buying behavior. The research philosophy for conducting the research is followed based on the interpretive view in which descriptively every question is answered, and the theory is interpreted based on researcher's interest in the study. It is associated with the philosophical point of idealism in which many effects and methods can be applied to the issue to reflect varied results (Goldkuhl 2012). The interpretive follows the understanding of weak notion; it establishes the relationship between time and context and outlines the problems and solutions to the study. Data is collected using various blogs, articles and books on social media marketing. The questionnaire is prepared that is published online for the survey. Hence, the researcher uses secondary data for its collection and research (Gray 2013). The research approach is based on the idea to identify the questions, problems and give probable solutions for adequate research to the study. In this approach, the relationships are made and then they are tested for the outlined purpose of understanding the certain additional meaning to the research. In this study, statistical tool namely SPSS is used with the questionnaire to derive to a certain conclusion. The quantitative approach is assumed to be more time consuming and cost effective against the researcher's particular situations than an approach that is qualitative in nature (Pickard 2012). Data analysis The next step after collection of data is the analysis of data using various statistical tools that describes the effect of social media marketing on consumers and the difference between social media marketing and traditional methods of promotion. After forming the questions and hypothesis it is essential to test the hypothesis using different tools and methods. For the discussion part qualitative method will be used and the data will be collected from blogs, articles and books. For the quantitative part, the data will be collected from an online survey by preparing a questionnaire and surveying the customers (Time 2012). The data will be tested in an SPSS tool. The statistical tools SPSS calculated the descriptive statistics, regression of the independent variables on the dependent variables. The residuals calculated were plotted on different pie charts, histograms, and bar graphs. . The aim of analysing the data in SPSS tool is to know whether social media marketing and networking is more persuasive than the traditional method of word of mouth (Rezaeian 2014). Research paradigm The researcher has used both the qualitative and quantitative methods to conduct the research. It is more of an informative research that analyzes and specifies the discussions and theories. The qualitative data is used to support the quantitative data of the research. The views of the customers would be depicted using the quantitative and qualitative samples that would be collected for this research. A questionnaire is prepared for the quantitative survey while blogs and articles on social media marketing are referred for the qualitative survey. The buying behavior of the customers and the selling of the products by the company would be understood from the quantitative and qualitative research (Sarantakos 2012). Category of research: (Quantitative and qualitative research) The objective of the research is to find out the effect of social media marketing on customers and its buying behavior. It analyzes and compares the two methods of promotion and analyzes that whether social media marketing is persuasive or the traditional method of word of mouth. The qualitative research is conducted by referring to books, articles and blogs. Since social media marketing is a current issue, many experts have various comments on the topic that will be referred from blogs and articles (Yilmaz 2013). In order to support the qualitative research quantitative research is conducted by preparing a questionnaire that is published online. Since the objective is to evaluate the effect of social media marketing on consumers a qualitative research is conducted that is based on marketing and media theories. For finding the customer experience, the researcher conducts an online survey. Hence, both the qualitative and quantitative methods are used for the research and study (Saunde rs and Thornhill 2014). Ethical consideration It is essential for the researcher to collect the data from the relevant sources. The data collected should be appropriate, valid and reliable. It should also be biased in nature. It is essential for the author to follow ethical rules and principles of research and take special care of not hurting anyones sentiments during the research. The work of the researcher should not be copied and plagiarized. Special permissions should be taken from the organizations and customers that are surveyed for the research purpose. . The researcher should abide by the rules and regulations of the company while collecting the data and using it for the research. The researcher should keep the details of the company confidential, if the company had asked them to do so. The researcher must not force the company to provide him with the data of the company. If children are involved in survey then special permissions are to be taken from parents. Section III Organization of the study Chapter one will be the Research Proposal as outlined in this assignment. It will analyse the topic for the research. Chapter one discusses the aims and objectives of the research and the research questions. It also mentions the expected research outcome and justification for the study. The main aim of chapter one is to discuss and emphasis on the topic and the reason for studying the topic. In this case chapter one addresses the topic that social media marketing is more persuasive or the traditional method of word of mouth. Based on the problem statement research questions and aims are formed. Chapter two emphasises on the social media marketing strategy in depth and how it has affected the decision of consumers. It discusses the reasons for traditional word of mouth fading away and how social media marketing is influencing the consumers purchase decision. It also analyses the reasons for increase in usage of social media for promotion of commodities and different techniques of promotion, both traditional and social media. Chapter two will include the methodology, data series, data collection methods, questionnaires and surveys and observing key strategies of social media marketing. It will report the findings and analysis of the proposed research. Chapter three will summarise the important findings and discuss the implication of social media marketing on the purchase decision of consumers. It will also conclude as to whether social media marketing is more influential or the traditional method of word of mouth. Chapter three proposes the budget of the research and its allocation for conducting the study and research. It also mentions the time taken for the research and study by specifying and dividing it into different heads. The last part of the proposal is the conclusion where the researcher points out his view on the research. Gantt chart Task name Start day End day Duration Days Project proposal 1/01/2016 15/01/2016 15 Literature review 16/01/2016 28/02/2016 40 Data collection 1/03/2016 12/03/2016 12 Data analysis 13/03/2016 20/03/2016 7 Final Report Submission 25/03/2016 25/04/2016 30 Figure: Gantt chart (Source: created by author) Project budget and budget justification The budget of the proposed research is $5000 that is required to complete the project in the given period. The maximum part of the budget is allocated to data collection due to the cost of travelling, printing, mailing and posting the data. This will cost around $2500. Rest $2500 is allocated to literature review, tables, and data analysis part. Purpose Estimated amount to be spent Literature review $1000 Data collection $2500 Data analysis $1500 Total budget estimated $5000 Table: Budget summary (Source: created by author) Conclusion and recommendation The recommendations on outcome state that the study can be analyzed for a further study by differentiating all factors and an extensive study can be based on using all the main and the silent elements individually. Also, if qualitative research is incorporated into the study, the research philosophy would have been more realistic and interpretive and would have added the theoretical background to the subject. Hence, this study is more on a generalized basis. 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