Child Favoritism Essay

Do parents really have a favorite child? According to â€Å"The Science of Favoritism† by Jeffrey Kluger, yes, parents do have a favorite child although they try very hard to hide it. This article is about parents having a favorite child and the science behind it. It also talks about how nature plays a role in child favoritism, how favoritism is influenced by gender, and what it feels like to be the second best. Not only does Jeffrey Kluger bring up great points throughout his article but he has many examples of real life situations from interviewing people. For example, when going and actually watching various siblings and parents, Catherine Conger, found that â€Å"70% of fathers and 65% of mothers actually do have a favorite child† (Kluger 44-50). She says that â€Å"these numbers are probably even higher because parents try very hard to try and hide their favoritism† (Kluger 44-50). The author relates child favoritism to how it works in nature. Parents want their kids to be the best and most successful out of all the other kids. Just like with animals, parents will pick the strongest, healthiest child to be the favorite and this is mainly because of genes and reproduction. Douglas Mock says that â€Å"we are like the black-eagle who has more than one kid for insurance purposes† (Kluger 44-50). The second or third child would be considered insurance in case the first kid is not strong or smart enough, but if the first child is superior then the policy is terminated. With gender roles in favoritism, the author states that the mother may pick the first son as her favorite and the father may pick the youngest daughter as his favorite. Douglas Mock shows many examples of how this is true and writes that girls will follow in their father’s footsteps where as the boys will follow in their mother’s footsteps. When talking about being second best, the article shows how not being the favorite is very hard on a child. Clare Stocker did a study on 136 sibling pairs and found that the child being loved the less will usually develop depression and low self-esteem. This doesn’t mean that that most favored child will always be the most successful. Child favoritism can also damage the favorite child because they may be used to getting everything and may not develop certain skills. I find all this evidence very compelling, and being the second child and youngest of two sons, I believe a lot of what this article says is true. I also think a lot of it depends upon who the parents are and I don’t totally agree with some of the points made. Yes, my brother is bigger and stronger, but I am probably healthier and smarter. We both have our perfections and we both have our flaws but I would say we are both equal. That doesn’t mean our parents don’t have favorites, because I’m sure they do but I would say it changes from time to time. This article can be used by many people but there is a specific audience that can really benefit from reading this article. I would say the author was trying to reach either young couples thinking about starting a family, couples that have recently started a family, or couples that have already gone through parenting. He would try to reach young couples either thinking about a family or young couples that just started a family because it would be helpful for them to know this information and would hopefully lead to better parenting and decision making so their kids, either the second best or even the favorite, don’t end up totally damaged. The author would also be trying to reach couples that have gone through parenting and all their kids are grown up because maybe they need to help the child that wasn’t loved as much. I think that the author effectively addressed the target audience especially with all the stories and research he found and put in the article. Work Cited Kluger, Jeffrey. â€Å"Why Mom Liked You Best: The Science of Favoritism.† Time. 02 10 2011: 44-50. Print.

Supply Chain Management Ups

SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| SCM Transport| The Super Transport System| Table of Contents Introduction * Transport * United Parcel Service Overview * Industry Impacts * Industry Overview 2009 & 2010 * Competition * Customers * Organisation of the System * Movement of freight * Conclusion * United Parcel Service To transport people or services in the twenty first century, the process can either be a long haul one or a short crisp and clean journey, of course depending on what exactly is being transported and where the point of origin is and the final destination.Supply Chain Management is the procedure by which this is done â€Å"†¦ moving from one location to another, safely, conveniently, and as economically as possible. Goods must be moved to a point of Distribution in order to be made available to the ultimate customer. † Lennon, SCM Transportation 2010 Transportation Transportation and logistics are crucial to our economy and society. As well as been res ponsible for the process of moving people and goods, the worlds transportation and logistics service is accountable for the creation of many concepts and inspiration for new technology.Transport is the means or process by which people and goods are moved from one location to customers, safely, conveniently and as economically as possible. – Logistics, The Stores, Inventory Control, Transport and Distribution Aspect. McInerney, 2000 From the invention of the first steam engine to the twenty first century fuel powered aircraft, express vessels and even transportation to outer space our economy has improved immensely with expertise and knowledge always improving in relation to transportation. Currently there is a great variation in the market for both domestic and industrial usage.Time is no longer a problem when it comes to moving from one continent to another. It only takes a matter of hours compared to the long process which once took months. Communication worldwide has benef ited from these improvements and this has a knock on effect on businesses. Different communities and societies now correspond with each other, transportation is always generating relations and theses relations have a major role in our society, in development, social, regional and economic consistency in the world. From every standpoint in a business operation a well organised and competent arrangement of transportation is vital.Manufacturers, customers and finally the consumer all need a reliable efficient system in place so that they can operate from. The manufacturer entails transport in both an inbound and outbound manner. A good system in this example will result in less capital engaged in stock because supplies can be acquired faster; therefore the manufactures company at large will have a better cash flow system. Also a cheaper rate of transportation will mean the company will have a higher profit margin and their chance of succeeding will increase. To the world at arge there are many advantages of an efficient transportation system including new markets, increased standard of living, etc as well as some weaknesses such as exploiting of inferior nations and the impact on nature along with many other predicaments. Elements of an idyllic transport arrangement are determined by expenses, safety, speed, convenience, flexibility and reliability, these elements come considered when choosing a mode of transport. On all sides of the globe there are many different means of transportation. They comprise of the well known road, rail, air, water and the lesser known pipeline, cable and space.The selection of the most appropriate style of transportation from the manufacture to the end customer or the movement of basically anything or anybody involves these elements of the transportation arrangement. In correspondence with the transport system at large and taking all the elements of an excellent operated system the author decided to base her report on a logistics serv icing company with an extensive assortment of transportation, e-commerce in addition to many business services. The company is identified as United Parcel Service (UPS) and is part of the world’s leading logistics operators.The author, in this report will focus on the corporation’s transportation system throughout the world. United Parcel Service Overview The company UPS is a well known reputable business which was established in 1907 by teenager named Jim Casey. The proposal for the company was recognised when the founder was employed by a private messaging company in Seattle, America. Whilst working there Casey recognised how the mailing services were inefficient. Little did he know that his initiative would launch the world’s largest small-package carrier company.From 1913, the business expanded and developed their potential. They no longer bound themselves to work with just mail but they introduced large packages, then motor vehicles, then deliveries for ven dors and merchandisers and then the shipping of parcels. Between the late seventies and early eighties, UPS began shipping parcels worldwide. To ignore dilemmas and jeopardise relations with their customers they avoided using commercial aircraft and set up their own airline business. Currently their position is the â€Å"9th largest airline in the world†. http://www. wikinvest. om/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) UPS was first established in the American state of Washington and found themselves operating in a company that was capitalized with $100 in debt. The company spread from eastern USA to the mid-west, from Los Angeles to New York the company soon spread to all parts of the States. Beginning with their first plane in 1952 to creating their iconic logos the company that is UPS always represented stability and is a highly regarded efficient operation. UPS constantly grows each year and is always at a bid to try and improve their services. Industry ImpactsThe author is wi thout doubt positive that this industry of transportation was sure to occur. Along with FedEx and some other competitors UPS commenced the operation of this industry. Constantly it is been pushed to higher grades, the next day delivery is a prime example. Previous to UPS AND FedEx the industry simply didn’t exist. The delivery of packages and documents was carried out by a haphazard system of carriers consisting of trucks, trains and aircraft that were often operated by independent entities. Neither speed nor reliability was a hallmark of this system. SRI International 2001, Global Impact of FedEx on the New EconomyIndustry Overview 2009 & 2010 Economic health is a key determinant of mail and package capacity. If the economy is not healthy, then the volume of domestic packages with in the U. S, to international packages, and onto freight and supply chain is reduced and UPS and others in their industry likewise. 2009: UPS and many other companies alike in their industry had a pessimistic outlook on their corporations mainly during the years 2008 and early 2009 because of the downturn in the world’s economy. Weaknesses lay all over the world, from Europe to Asia and American all suffered from this slowdown.It resulted in countless companies, from retailers to internet sources having a decrease in sales, and to the individuals that also availed of UPS’s services financially notable to pay for the services of USP. The demand for packages diminished. Some workplaces put up the shutters, whilst others put in place dramatic cutbacks as funds were not available for them and this directly affected UPS in 2008 and partly 2009. However because UPS had created a strong brand name, a good standing n the market and an excellent operations system in place they overcame the collapse of the worldwide market.Also the evacuation of some minor league competitors resulted in an overall enhancement for USP. From mid 2009 onwards the company reaped the rewards o f profits suffered earlier in the year, the volume of packages increased. Average daily volume for next day air increased 2. 8% over 2008 levels. Ground volume demonstrated an improving trend over the previous quarters despite a 2. 9% decline in the fourth quarter compared with 2008. -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) 2010: After an improvement in 2010, UPS has progressed even further in 2010.Profits are highly cyclical as they rely on a strong American, European and Asian Market and are growing even further into the undeveloped markets. For the first quarter of 2010, revenue increased by 7% to $11. 7 billion since the previous year's first quarter. This was mainly due to increases in yield and operating leverage. The overall increases in operating leverage were due to overall growth in all business segments, most notably the growth in the international package and supply chain business. Higher revenues were also due to increases in base pricing and higher fuel surcharges.Higher prices were possible due to the recovery from the 2008-2010 recessions. In the overall, net income increased by 37% UPS expects these increases to continue throughout the year, producing substantial revenue growth from recessionary levels. Wiki Analysis -http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/United_Parcel_Service_(UPS) Competition The UPS Corporation is a multibillion dollar enterprise with over 200,000 employees. In their industry of transportation and logistics UPS has only three chief contenders, FedEx, DHL and United States Postal Service (USPS). Between the four companies they provide equal services, however their ifferences lies in the prices, which is an apparent point of competition, but is only an issue in undeveloped markets. Also the availability of the service provider in specific locations is another distinction. Competition is rigid, but because of the vast investment devoted by each of the companies there is only a few major competitors. FedEx curre ntly stands as UPS’s biggest competition. They are the only treat to UPS as they could manage to outsize them in this industry. They offer the exact same services, and both operate in the same league but the scale of operation between the two rivals is different.However FedEx has the reputation for being much more expensive in relation to their products. DHL is another key contender for UPS. This company mainly operates from their base country of Germany and is involved in the traditional postal services. As well as that they offer an array of services, whether you are shipping across town country or continent. They also hold with them the title of being the world’s largest logistics provider. As of now the European market for UPS is on a rise so warms up the competition for both companies even further.United States Postal Service (USPS) is a direct competitor of UPS, however they have come together to operate a win-win situation for both companies. UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations, a program that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfers it to a USPS center, or destination delivery point (DDU), for final distribution. http://www. sooperarticles. com/business-articles/fedex-express-competitors-19758. html As well as these main competitors, UPS also battles their market share out with operators such as Canada Post, Royal Mail, Japan Post, and many other postal, cargo and courier companies.Customers Many individuals and business use UPS to send or receive vital information. The overnight service which UPS provides is popular as some fundamental transactions for business may have to be prepared or concluded. Other companies utilize the service to send apparatus and mechanical equipment which may be required instantly to keep industrial units and technology in operation. Overall there is a demand for urgent mail, packages, and freight transportation worldwide.Any transportation company will have a wide variety of customers, and UPS’s include entertainment, banking, science, construction, insurance, gambling, telecommunications, housing, legal, data processing, education, manufacturing, retail, medical and even the steel industry. For ever customer, there is a specific need, UPS addresses these needs and examine the characteristics of the product and get an understanding of the best mode of transportation for the customer and their goods, destination is too considered and the customer can undertake the application process online and decide and choose for themselves the best option for them.As UPS falls into the service industry a key issue for them is to create and maintain good customer relations, this leads onto customer loyalty with the brand of UPS, the company then can observe a growth in profits, now they can avail of the opportunity to escalate and advance and as a service industry employees must understand the importance these good relations. Just of late September 2010, UPS la unched a fresh logistics television advertisement campaign.UPS wanted to show potential customers its passion for transportation and supply chains solutions, what it calls â€Å"New Logistics† and it especially wants to bring the message of growth opportunity to small business. www. social medianinfluence. com Skepys, 2010, The company wants to promote themselves even more to the world; they are ever increasing and want to work with almost everyone and every business, as in this television campaign they are reaching out to the small to medium sized businesses. Organisation of the System The author has reported extensively on the external factors which have shaped UPS accordingly.The author has now chosen to write on some of the internal aspects which form the operation of the corporation. As already shown earlier in the report UPS have numerous transportation modes which include air, surface, charter and hand carry. Many service options are available to all customers to meet their needs. The process that UPS must entail to do this naturally depends on factors about the goods. UPS has access to transport i. e. aircrafts, ships, railways and road transport all across our globe, but the consumers needs depends on which option the company feels best suits the situation at hand.As stated UPS’s website You get the benefits of our vast network of transport options, specialised equipment, proactive communication, advanced tracking and worldwide research. – www. ups. com If a customer wishes to send a package anywhere across the world with UPS, this is possible as there is no restrictions with them. Since UPS was first established over one hundred years ago technology has evolved so much that via the World Wide Web anybody can create shipments, imports, and returns.They can also calculate time and cost view charges, plan to have their shipments collected, view locations and history and all at the comfort of their own home or workplace. UPS basic pr inciples in relation to transporting goods are * Domestic parcels which are made up of post i. e. letters and packages. These can be transported anywhere throughout the USA. * UPS deliver to over 200 counties worldwide and they categorise this sector into International Packages, any type of package is suitable to be transported. UPS operate a supply chain and freight sector, it comprises of UPS’s logistics business providers in more than 175 countries throughout the globe. The author decided first to refer to the tracking service which UPS functions. Tracking a package allows the consumer to monitor the status and location of their item. The process is quite simple to use. The process is quite simple to use. Via the internet the customer can track by tracking number, by reference and email and they can even obtain signature evidence of delivery.The system of tracking has positive effects; it means the customer will be able to have an enhanced controlled time management struct ure in place. Movement of Freight Road: Following tracking the author decided to focus on UPS and their movement of freight. UPS moves goods using their transport methods from their point of origin to their final destination. Depending on where the freight is destined for is related to the type of transport used, also factors such as volume, weight and purpose of the goods conveys the mode of transport used.First the author chose to write about freight travelling via land, as globally this is the most common method used. Two methods for this type of transportation can be used; the first option involves using UPS services or other logistic firms. This method is basic and it involves the logistics firm, e. g. UPS picking up the goods, and delivering them via lorry’s or vans. Throughout America and vast parts of the world, UPS is well recognised by their famous Pullman brown coloured trucks and vans. Railway: The second method of land transportation is to avail of the railway se rvice.UPS provide this option to their customers as they believe it is lucrative and loyal preference. Railways transportation is generally used for long distance journeys for heavy goods, and it is by and large only effective for customers whom use it for them purposes. As using trains for transportation only suits a minority if the market this means more and more customers use the service of UPS road transportation as it involves less hassle, is an inexpensive method and overall is a much better approach as they are direct deliveries.However, as the author already stated the selection for which mode of transport to avail of depends on the goods themselves, e. g. iron ore would be best transported via railway in comparison to mail with more be more effective to be transported via road. Rail transportation is able to travel at higher speeds, carry a much larger capacity, have fewer delays as traffic is never an issue and they can deal with almost all weather conditions, as well as b eing safe and very secure. UPS provide climate controlled containers for specific goods which may be perishable e. g. ood, flowers, as well as their ordinary containers suitable for normal goods. Ships: As well as transporting via roads and railway, UPS also uses waterways and the sea to transport their customer’s goods. The mode of transportation used is ships. The goods are enclosed in containers, which are then placed safely and correctly onto ships and then moved to different locations. This method is viable for long distance journeys and has a reputation for being the cheapest form of transportation if there is a vast volume of goods been shipped. Rivers, lakes and oceans are used in this transportation.This system is logical for UPS to use as they have a wide customer base and the volume of goods to be transported is there. The only disadvantage of shipping is it is not adequate for fast movement of goods, nonetheless the movement of goods by means of waterways and the sea has many advantages and shipping is a highly competitive service industry. From the UPS website the company shows their customers how they organise this complex system: We are the experts at managing complex transportation networks, dedicated fleets, and multi-modal shipments.We can deliver orders anywhere through our global network. Our freight container shipping services can bring those parts together to make managing your supply chain simpler. * FCL Container Shipping (Full Container Load) – Our comprehensive NVOCC* services provide frequent departures at competitive rates for full container load (FCL) shipments from major ports around the world. * LCL Container Shipping (Less-Than-Container Load) – When you don't have enough cargo for a full container, we offer less-than-container load (LCL) service between major ports worldwide. ttp://www. ups. com/content/us/en/shipping/container-shipping. html As there are two options available to customers regarding shippin g this means that UPS understand their customer’s needs and have adjusted to these needs by providing both options. Airplanes: The final and successful freight transportation option that UPS offers to their customers is Air transport. This is a good method to use if time is of the essence and this system can be used within or between countries, basically air transportation can happen anywhere throughout the world.Air transport is known for its speed for both the movement of people and goods, but with this speed comes high costs. UPS runs all their own aircraft to all major cities worldwide and this is constantly improving as their geographic locations are expanding as well as their customer base. Air transport is limited to what type of goods it can carry. Generally its purpose is for unpreserved goods that are urgent to their final destination, e. g. edicine, documents, flowers or food rather than high capacitated and dangerous goods. Conclusion After accomplishing the task of evaluating a unique area of SCM transport with an aspect of logistics transport included the author concluded that the company United Parcel Service (UPS) is amongst one of the world’s largest and leading logistic operators. UPS is an admirable company which has excelled in over one hundred years of business and the author deems this company to glimmer in the future even more.As technology has evolved over the past, so has UPS as they constantly upgrade their services and work with their customers to meet their needs with the extensive assortment of services which they provide. In the report the author focused on some external features that influence the workings of UPS as a whole and the internal factors which shaped the company’s reputation as been the leaders of the pack in the logistics world. UPS adds much value to both domestic usage and businesses surrounding us. They make things possible for us and overall have perfected the express transportation network. T HE END! Word count= 3,438

Base Multiplier Approach to Money Supply

Base Multiplier Approach to Money Supply Traditionally, it has been shown controversially that money supply is determined using the base multiplier approach. ‘The multiplier model of the money supply, originally developed by Brunner (1961) and Brunner and Meltzer (1964) has become the standard model to explain how the policy actions of the Central Bank influence the money stock’   [1] . However, there is more than sufficient evidence to suggest that monetary authorities do not determine the money supply and that the flow of funds approach makes more sense. Consequently, I will compare and contrast the base multiplier and the flow of funds approaches to the determination of money supply and determine which occurs in reality in view of the present economic climate. Under the base multiplier approach, the monetary authority (Bank of England) ‘sets the size of the monetary base, which in turn determines the stock of broad money as a multiple of the base’.   [2]   This process is described below: Ms = Cp + Dc (Equation 1) In the equation above, Ms refers to the broad money supply, Cp refers to private sector (excluding banks) notes and coins and Dc refers to bank deposits. The next equation is for the monetary base (B) is as follows: B = Cb + Db + Cp (Equation 2) In Equation 2, Cb refers to banks’ notes and coins while Db refers to deposits with the Bank of England. Both combined they can be called reserves R and can be substituted into the equation above to form Equation 3. B = R + Cp (Equation 3) The quantity of money can now be expressed as a multiple of the base as follows:   [3]    (Equation 4) The next stage is to divide through by bank deposits to obtain the Equation 5 as follows: If = ÃŽÂ ± and = ÃŽÂ ², then the equation above becomes Equation 6 below: The symbol ÃŽÂ ± is the private sector’s cash ratio, while ÃŽÂ ² represents bank reserves. Under the multiplier approach the money supply equation is then obtained by multiplying both sid es of the equation with the monetary base B. Therefore, Equation 7 becomes: The rationale behind this is that assuming ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ² are fixed or stable, the money supply is ‘a multiple of the monetary base and can change only at the discretion of the authorities since the base consists entirely of central bank liabilities. The Flow of Funds approach says that money supplied is determined by open market operations. It presents the opposite view to the multiplier approach as those in favor believe that other factors determine the supply of money, not monetary authorities or policymakers, it looks at the demand for money not just the supply side. They also believe that banks are able to obtain reserves from central banks as required and are not a constraint. Under this approach credit or loans credit by the private sector create deposits and not the other way round as put forward by the base multiplier approach. The flow of funds model of money supply determination is as follows: Ms = Cp + Dc, the same definition of broad money supply as was used in the base multiplier approach (Equation 8) The next equation focuses on the changes in money supply, i.e:

Family Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Family Law - Essay Example However, still the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 remains a key legal rule for resolving the disputes developed when having to divide the property on marital breakdown.2 The validity of MCA 1973 could be doubted. Reference should be made to the fact that in 1996, through the introduction of the Family Law Act, the Family Law in Britain was reformed. As a result, the pre-existed legal rules had been absorbed by the above Act in terms that any other similar law would not have power. However, it seems that in practice the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 is still valid. This fact is highlighted in the study of Burton (2003) who notes that ‘for the time being the existing law, now largely contained in the MCA 1973, continuous in force’.3 Moreover, Lord Chancellor noted that the Family Law Act of 1996 is not appropriately customized to current social and judicial needs and for this reason the MCA 1973 should continue in force.4 Regarding specifically the section 25 of the MCA 1973, it should be noted that the above section actually sets the criteria used by the Court for the division of assets in the context of relationship breakdown. The above section is of high importance mentioning indicative the facts on which the Court should be based when having to rule in relevant cases. In accordance with the section 25 of MCA 1973, the decision of the Court in regard to the division of assets in the relationship breakdown can be based on one of the following acts: a) the financial and the physical status of each party/ spouse, b) the role that each spouse had in the accumulation of wealth and c) the age of each spouse. In fact, the age of each spouse indicates his potential to allocate the funds and the means for his/ her survival. It should be mentioned that the criteria set in section 25 of MCA 1973 regarding the division of assets among the

Neandertals and Homo Sapiens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neandertals and Homo Sapiens - Essay Example What follows is a brief presentation that sheds the light on this species of human like creature, exposing the different anthropological breakthroughs and discoveries that have came to remold our idea of the Neanderthal man. Modern anthropological findings suggest that the Neanderthal man may have lived around the years extending from 250 000 to 20 000 BC. Counting for more than a century since its discovery, theories and hypotheses around this creature have diversified albeit they mostly reflected the prejudgments of the moment. Long considered as a sub-human species at the heart of the â€Å"Homo Sapien† lineage it was at first called Homo sapiens neanderthalensis in consequence. Only later was it considered by authors and researchers as a distinct species and labeled as â€Å"Homo Neanderthalensis†. More recent studies have also suggested that the two species, â€Å"Homo Neanderthalensis† and â€Å"Homo Sapiens† may have crossbred amongst each other. .. . A Neanderthal man though, and as much as he may seem to resemble the modern human, has some marked characteristics, for instance the difference is clear when it comes to the volume of the brain, while an average human brain measures around 1300 ml, a Neanderthal brain have been known to measure as much as 1700 ml. Another, striking difference that sets apart the two human species is perhaps an anatomical one, as a quick analysis of the Neanderthal anatomy shows that the latter had larger bones in comparison to us modern humans, added to that the muscle mass which is also far superior to what a normal human being would have nowadays. Neanderthals as it would seem were large boned and heavily muscled, probably so to be withstand the hard natural conditions that were in the days. Height was not the Neanderthal man’s strongpoint, as fully grown male adults would average a height of 164 cm (5 feet 5 inches). This primitive man is said to have been an avid hunter, this is particular ly true as suggested by sheer number of healed fractured bones found in Neanderthal bodies, and as their thick leg bones suggest, they used to do alot of walking and running, running which was essential and required if they were to hunt fast moving animals, and if they were to be entrenched in long chases for their daily meat. As scientific research has it, these primitive beings were almost exclusively carnivores and assuring their daily meat meant a lot of effort, risk and danger which is associated with the fractured bones mentioned above. Lastly, and as far as culture is concerned, our primitive friends may not have been so primitive as we might think, as numerous Neanderthal burial sites were found,sites in which bodies were buried alongside

Jus 102 W-5 Short Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jus 102 W-5 Short Paper - Essay Example unity police may even indulge in the unethical act of slippery slope which refers to the deterioration of moral values held by police officers after they have been in the profession for a longer period of time (Caldero, 2014, p.145). 2. Police misconduct during undercover operations may take place because of two possible reasons. The first reason is that the police officer that has been hired for such operations had a defected character or was indulged in deviance before being hired (Hall, 2000, p.280). In order to eliminate this factor, the executives need to pay special attention to the background of the applicant while making employment related decisions. Secondly, undercover police officials work in a highly deviant environment. For example, they may have to work with drug dealers and corrupt politicians and this environment corrupts the police official. In order to avoid this source of police corruption, personality tests of police officers should be conducted to identify the strength or the weakness of the police officer to fall pray of deviant activities. 3. The factors that are involved in making decisions regarding the severity of sanctions that are needed to be levied on police officials for indulging in misconducts includes the severity of the misconduct as well as prior incidences of misconducts. If the severity is low and if the police official has been involved in misconduct for the first time then counseling as well as oral counseling that is documented in nature should be used. If the crime is very severe in nature or the police official is a repeat offender then a letter of reprimand should be issued (Colaprete, 2007, p.111). 4. In order to make a complaint regarding the misconduct of a police official and to carry out an investigation against the officials a citizen has to fill a form in which the citizens registers the complaint. After the form has been filled, the senior officer of the department has to analyze and identify the nature of the

Law and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and the Media - Essay Example Cultural lag is getting shorter and shorter and the body of law has to adopt the pace so defined. This aspect is much more prominent in case of media where this pace can even be seen with the naked eyes. Media in the world has grown into an established economy in past few decades with its revenues becoming more than many nation states. Laws in this regard are also adopted and changed regularly to meet the complexities emerging in every day life. Enactments by the legislature, rules and regulations by respective departments and legal precedents are important factors in such changes. In the recent case of Fisher (original respondent and cress appellant) vs. Broker and other (original Appellants and cross-respondent) contractual obligations arising out of copyright and royalty agreements - both in express and implied terms- have been dealt in length and this case has given new dimensions to media law. In the below discussion we will discuss the details of the case in detail while lookin g at its implication for the media law. This case is about the copyrights and ownership of an all times hit song which was recorded in year 1967 by a band Procol Harum comprising of respondents of the appeal. Methew Fisher, plaintiff of the case joined the band soon after the first recording of the song, but the recording contract was agreed after inclusion of plaintiff in the band as organist. Plaintiff had contributed to the song by introducing a composition of organ solo at the start of the song which acted as counter melody through out the song. During the proceedings of the suit judge rated the contribution of the plaintiff as 40% of the total work. Before inclusion of plaintiff into the band, respondents, Mr. Brooker and Mr. Reid had entered into a contract of copyrights with Essex for the royalty of the song. It is observed that initial recording was made before the joining of

Cluster Competencies and their Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cluster Competencies and their Behavior - Essay Example This, as the name suggests, is used to prioritize the work which was decided should be included in the above strategic orientation. This helps in further organizing the whole situation and focuses the attention of different subjects on the relevant topics so they can be compiled effectively and efficiently. This narrows down the task at hand even more. It basically looks at the results that wish to be achieved and then makes sure that the priorities have been set properly. This helps in maintaining a positive relationship with the task being designed and the overall result being achieved. This is the crux of cluster competency. It basically involves organization and maintaining a constant and positive flow of information in the form of updates on the project being performed with all the members involved in the job. This helps individuals adapt more easily to the situation and helps streamline all tasks so that more can be accomplished in less time. The work of a member acting as a leader is crucial. He is responsible for providing his team with direction and guidance so that they are not led astray and keep on track so that no energy is wasted in irrelevant work. This is vital to working as a group. ... Development Developing Self This competency in a person makes sure that he takes responsibility of himself and makes sure that he is responsible for his own self improvement. Developing Others This is vital to working as a group. Improving oneself while improving the performance of others while giving constructive criticism is going to help the group perform better and consequently improve performance. Developing Networks In the age of globalization, one task cannot be complete with just a normal group. This is why seeking and identifying any outside the group members within the organization will help in the fast processing of information like computer experts. Reasoning and management Critical Thinking This looks at the situation from a broader perspective to make sure that things are going according to plan. Problem solving A vital part in competencies is to manually identify by making a conscious effort and then find effective solutions for it. Decision making Once a problem has been identified, a decision should be made to effectively and efficiently solve it. This is vital to the whole situation otherwise there was no need for the other preceding parts. Communication Verbal Being clear in your conversations and eliminating any communication gaps is helpful before getting down to work. Written The need to make everything clear to others is vital because it doesn't matter how innovative someone is, if he cannot present his information in a proper and organized way in a report, he is useless for the team. Numerical Statistics need to be interpreted to make sure that the plan formed by the team is going to succeed or not. This can only be done by projecting numbers and interpreting information

The Himba Ideology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Himba Ideology - Essay Example As animals are consecrated to the Himba, the passing of an elder is the only momentous occasion for cattle to be slaughtered. By relocating ancestral fire to the exact place of burial, community life is physically and centered internally on the fire. The Himba consistently migrate back to sacred sites and burials, taking with them ashes of their sacred fires (Salopek). Ritualistically blessing each morning’s cattle milking at the fire through their ancestors, the Himba are spiritually reinforced and sustained each day by their cattle, ancestors, and Creator (Crandall 72). The Himba are outstanding people to look at. The women are topless and clad in mini-skirts made of goat skins decorated with shells and jewelry made of iron and copper. The men wear goatskin loin cloths. Both men and women smear their skin with a mixture of rancid butter, ash, and ochre to guard them against the harsh desert climate. The paste (Otjize) is often mixed with the aromatic resin of the Omuzumba shrub, a little like adding cologne to a suntan lotion. As well as protection from the sun, the deep red color is a highly needed look in the Himba culture. It is certainly eye-catching and very beautiful. The Himba use the same paste (Otjize) on their hair which is long and plaited into complex designs. You can tell the marital status of a Himba lady by the way she puts her hair. The men also change their hairstyle to denote their social position. A married man, for example, wears his hair in a turban. The leather used is not treated, so it a pretty smelly.

Statistics in Business Essay Example for Free

Statistics in Business Essay Introduction This paper is going to discuss statistics in business. One will be able to understand there are different levels of statistics along with the importance statistics are in business decision making. Statistics in Business Statistics are a mathematical analysis of data collected. The data collected can in turn be used to show statistics in a number form. With the data collected, the analysis of the data, along with the financial reports from a business, one can make a better informed decision. Statistics in business is useful when making business decisions. The statistics can show important information to help judge what may happen in the future for a product or the need of a type of business. There are levels of measurement to help when data is gained to obtain the statistics. The levels of measurement include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Examples of these levels include the following: Nominal – Numbers on sports players jerseys for identification purposes. Ordinal – The letter grade students receive on homework assignments. Interval – This level does not have a true zero point. Ratio – When one number of measurement can be divided by another nonzero number and there is meaning to that number. At the ratio level of  measurement the number â€Å"0† has meaning as it represent there is nothing to show. Conclusion In conclusion one can see there are different levels of statistics and how important they are when making business decisions. Reference McClave, J. T., Benson, P. G., Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for Business and Economics (11th ed.). : Pearson Education. (McClave, Benson, Sincich, 2011) Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., Wathen, S. A. (2011). Basic Statistics for Business Economics (7th ed.). : McGraw-Hill Company. (Lind, Marchal, Wathen, 2011)

Juvenile Delinquency Theories Case Study

Juvenile Delinquency Theories Case Study For many years now the real causes of juvenile delinquency have attracted the attention of many people. What causes juvenile delinquency is a major aspect of sociological and criminological studies. By understanding what really causes the delinquency, the community will reduce the continuity of the act by implementing prevention strategies. There are several criminological theories that are used to define and assist in understanding the causes of the offending act. Some of the juvenile delinquency contributors that has attracted the attention of many researchers are family environment, peer influence, parenting styles, community structure and school environment. There are several juvenile crimes that have occurred in the U.S. for example the juvenile crime perpetrated by Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold that left the residence of Littleton town, Colorado terrified and the murder committed by Menendez brothers against their parents just to mention but a few. The paper will focus on the juvenile crime committed by the Menendez brothers as the case under study. First, an overview of the case shall be considered before turning into delinquency/criminological theories to explain what might have led the two to kill their parents in relation to juvenile delinquency. Much attention shall be focused on the strength and weaknesses of the chosen theory. Finally, an alternative theory that could be used to analyze the case will be reviewed. Overview of the Menendez brothers’ juvenile crime Erik Menendez conspired with his brother Joseph Menendez to kill their parents. Erik shot Kitty and Jose Lyle Menendez using a 12-gauge shotgun. First the first trail fail to convict the two brothers, the jury in the retrial found them guilty on the two accounts: the first-degree murder and the conspiracy to carry out murder. But what could have led the two brothers to kill their parents? Both Erik and Lyle were brought up in Princeton, New Jersey where they attended Princeton Day School. Lyle went further to attend Princeton University. In 1987 when their family relocated to California Erik enrolled at the Calabasas High School while Lyle was under disciplinary probation because of poor grades. Lyle later dropped out of school after he was faced with plagiarism allegations. This clearly shows that he was under some form of stress. Jose and Kitty were murdered on 20th August 1989 in their home. Their neighbors said that they heard firecrackers sound on the fateful night. Jose was shot in the head while Kitty was shot while trying to escape after being awakened by the gun shoots beyond recognition. To make the crime appear as a mob related one, both of them were shot around the kneecap. The two brothers then left and later dumped the shotgun along the way before heading to a movie theater. Upon returning home at around 11 pm in the night Lyle called 911 claiming that somebody had killed their parents. Although, the police considered them as suspects, there was no evidence linking them to the crime. This was until the wife of a therapist that the two boys used to visit unearthed a recording that had incriminating evidence. The brothers had opened up to the therapist by telling him that they were experiencing suicidal tendencies due to their guilty conscience and the thoughts of having killed their own parents. Analysis In order to understand the reason(s) behind such a cold-blooded murder, we need to consider the available facts. Erik told the jury that they decided to kill their parents because they thought that their parents were going to kill them. Erik said that his father had been sexually molesting him since he was a child and had insisted on him staying home a few days of the week despite Erik having being enrolled to a college. Lyle, the elder brother, had also been molested but his father had stopped when he was eight years old. Lyle was threatening to expose their father if he did not stop molesting Erik. This confrontation made the two boys think that their parents were plotting to kill them. One of the many theories that can be used to explain this scenario is the deterrence theory. It puts forward the idea that juveniles commit crime because they choose to. Their actions are based on calculated risks and benefits. In the Menendez case, the two brothers did not kill their parents accidentally. They had the whole murder planned as evidenced by prior purchase of the shotguns. They also knew their parents room well enough to aim for a head shot despite the fact that only the TV was on. However, the real question is why did they choose to kill their parents instead of reporting to the police or any other relevant authority? There are several answers that can answer that question. They had fear. They feared their parents especially their father who had dominated and controlled their lives since childhood. Their father was also very strict when it came to tennis and Erik hated being under constant pressure to play better. He feared failing his father by performing poorly in the tennis court. Lyle, on the other hand, feared that if he did not do something to stop his father from molesting his younger brother, the sexual abuse would continue well into their adulthood and would impact negatively on Erik in school as it had done to him. Additionally, he also feared what people would say when such news was revealed to the public. Their family name would be tainted. It was these fears combined that led them to make a choice- a choice to kill their parents. This was the only method that would act as a solution for each of the brother’s fears. This is because it would eliminate their abusive and strict father without the public ever knowing the real reason behin d the brutal elimination. The decision to arrive at this choice may also have been greatly influenced by the fact that the brothers held the belief that their parents were going to kill them. It was only fair to kill the parents before they killed them. However, from the prosecution’s point of view, the brothers did not murder their parents so as to end years of sexual molestation and strict parenting. The court claimed that their sole motive for the murder was the large and attractive inheritance left behind by the parents. Their family owned a $14 million estate. This accusation was based on the fact that barely six months after the murder, Erik bought himself a Rolex, a Jeep, a house and some clothes which were far too expensive given his age of 22. In his defense, Erik said that he had feelings of regret and remorse whenever he spent their parents’ money knowing that he was the one who had committed the murder. According to the brothers, the benefit of getting rid of their molesting parents was greater than the risk of a lifelong prison sentence. This reinforces the deterrence theory which suggests that when the benefits of committing a crime outweigh the risks, juvenile delinquency increases. It is not possible to analyze the entire case by using only one theory. Another possible theory that could explain the juvenile behavior exhibited by the brothers is Sheldon’s somatype theory. This theory explains that our individual body shapes and structures can contribute greatly to our criminal tendencies. He suggests that mesomorphs, or muscular, strong and firm people are more aggressive and assertive when it comes to reacting to situations in life. Their bodies allow them to commit crimes much easier than their larger counterparts, the endomorphs. This theory is useful in this case study since Erik was a fairly good tennis player. That means that his body bore athletic features making him a mesomorph. His physical appearance may have contributed in the murder in that he considered himself fit to handle a shotgun and he was ready to fight back should there be any resistance from the parents. Another theory that might help shed some light on this murder is Lombroso’s atavism theory which suggests that some children are born with criminal traits inherited from their parents. Erik’s father exhibited criminal tendencies with his sexual abuse. It is only fair to assume that Erik and Lyle got their delinquent behavior from their father. References Juvenile Delinquency Theories. Retrieved from http://juvenilejustice190.blogspot.com/2012/10/oncea-criminal-always-criminal-this-is.html Menendez Brothers on Trial: Erik Testifies He Feared Parents. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2007/US/law/12/10/court.archive.menendez5/index.html?_s=PM:US Menendez brothers trial hinges on tape: Two rich young men who shot their parents have gained supporters as their bizarre story unfolded. Now the two juries must decide, reports Phil Reeves. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/menendez-brothers-trial-hinges-on-tape-two-rich-young-men-who-shot-their-parents-have-gained-supporters-as-their-bizarre-story-unfolded-now-the-two-juries-must-decide-reports-phil-reeves-1505930.html

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Ac :: essays research papers

Chinua Achebe wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart, which is a great piece of African literature that deals with the Ibo culture, society, and history. One place where the Ibo religion is practiced is in the village of Umuofia in Africa, where the story takes place. On the other hand, Christianity is a very common religion that is practiced all over the world. Although Christianity and Ibo are both types of religions, they have many differences. One way the religions are different is the Ibo practice polytheism and Christians practice monotheism. A second difference is the Ibo believe in animate Gods unlike Christians who believe in an inanimate God. Another contrast is the Ibo practice polygamy unlike the Christians who practice monogamy. A final contrast is the afterlives of the two religions. First of all, the Ibo practice polytheism and Christians practice monotheism. Polytheism is the belief in more than one God, and monotheism is the belief in one God. Christians believe in one supreme creator of the heavens and the earth, who is called God. In contrast, the Ibo have various gods who they worship. The conversation between Mr. Brown, a Christian missionary in the village of Umuofia, and Akunna, a member of Umuofia, explains the Ibo religion very well. Akunna said that the Ibo believe in one supreme God also, but they call him Chukwu because â€Å"he made all the world and the other gods.† Mr. Brown made the comment that the Ibo worship carved wood and Akunna replied by saying,†The tree from which it came was made by Chukwu, as indeed all the minor gods were.† Akunna also said that the Ibo â€Å"make sacrifices to the little gods, but when they fail and there is no one else to turn to they go to Chukwu.† (179-180). Another god, besides carved wood, that the Ibo worship is the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. The Ibo believe they must do whatever the Oracle of the Hills and Caves says or they will be punished. An example of this is when the Oracle of the Hills and Caves pronounces that Ikemefuna, the boy living with Okonkwo, be killed. Since the Oracle of the Hills and Caves had said it must be done, the men of Umuofia took the boy outside the village and killed him. (57). Another god the Ibo worship is the snake, which is called the sacred python.

Nihilist Philosophy Essay -- Analysis, Ivan Turgenev

Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons takes place in midnineteenth century Russia. Throughout the text Turgenev explores the pros and cons of the nihilist philosophy and how nihilism, coupled with the presence of generational and class based animosities, affects the greater Russian identity. Properties of nihilism are examined and tested as the characters encounter aristocratic lifestyles and the redeeming power of love. The female characters in Fathers and Sons represent a wide range of socioeconomic positions and temperaments, these women test the thinking of the nihilists by their propensities towards emotion, order, feminism, shyness, and propriety. This exploration of gender roles and the balance of power between women and the men that they control is subject to their ascribed classes and the relationships they hold. These women fall into two major categories: the autocratic and the dependent. The aristocratic â€Å"mothers† and dependent â€Å"daughters† of Fath ers and Sons bring about the reevaluation of Bazarov and Arkady’s nihilistic beliefs and furthermore utilize their feminine qualities to manipulate the men in their lives. The aristocratic women or rather the â€Å"mothers† enjoy the benefits of wealth and high society and use their perspective abilities to influence men. These women portray three very different kinds of female roles. Arina Barzarova the selfless caretaker, Evdoksya Kukshina the independent feminist, and Anna Odintsova who is both guardian and liberal, but all maintain emotional, social, and romantic control over the men in their lives. Arina Vlasevna Bazarova, the overly emotional mother of Enyushka Bazarova, is an intensely superstitious woman who â€Å"believed in all manner of omens, soothsayings, incantations, and pr... ... destroy and reinstate the bonds of family and Russian nationalism. Turgenev explores hoe this generational divide interacts with the division among classes and how the powers of the aristocracy affects the younger generation and feminine identity. Throught these interactions the power of love as redemption is seen in the relationship between Arkady and Katya as well as Anna and Bazarov. The women in Fathers and Sons symbolize the diversity found within the same class and generational margins these women challenge the men they encounter and cease power over their relationships. The struggle for power, between the sexes is dependent upon the roles and social standings of the perspective character. The female characters whether aristocratic or dependent, â€Å"mothers† or â€Å"daughters† find power in their gender and utilize their womanly intellect to find eventual resolve.

ku klux klan :: essays research papers

Ku Klux Klan Prejudice comes in many forms. Two such forms of extreme prejudice are the Salem witch-hunts and the Ku Klux Klan. In the colonial time, from 1700 to 1775, the Salem witch-hunts took place. The KKK originated after the civil war and is still going on today. These two groups based their prejudice on religious beliefs. People from many different cultures founded our nation, which gives us a unique diversity that was and is not always respected. The Ku Klux Klan states they are based on Christianity and uses such symbols as the flaming cross. Burning the cross is supposed to represent â€Å"opposition to tyranny and obedience to God.† The KKK believes they are superior to all non-whites. The people responsible for the Salem witch-hunts feared and persecuted those whom didn’t share religious and personal beliefs. A way of testing your beliefs was being forced to recite the 10 commandments without falter. Ku Klux Klan often expressed their beliefs by putting burning crosses in non-white homes, setting homes and businesses on fire, and even hanging non-whites. In the same way, the witch-hunts would force those who were prosecuted to confess and incriminate, if not, they would be hung, burned, or in one case smashed to death. Both groups use Christianity against other people that differed from them. The KKK was an underground organization, and used robes and hoods to disguise themselves. Rarely did members become publicly known because they were denounced by majority of society. Public leaders such as, reverends and government officials conducted the Salem witch-hunts. The trials were often public events that were well attended by the general population. The Ku Klux Klan was not based on fear of non-whites, rather their own supremacy. While the witch-hunts feared those with different beliefs including what we would now consider, â€Å"mentally disabled.† What good are religious beliefs such as Christianity if they are twisted, warped, and used as an excuse for violence.

Sourcing of Materials for ISML

As part of my AMMT program, I have completed my three months internship program from a well-known industry named â€Å"Viyellatex Group†. During my internship period in â€Å"Viyellatex Group†, I have gained valuable knowledge and experience in the field of Supply Chain. So based on my learning and experience from the organization I have completed my internship report on Sourcing of Materials for ISMLâ€Å"Viyellatex Group†. In this paper I have tried to focus and analyze the core Material Management of ISML and what kind of value added services they are providing to their Buyer and Supplier.In the report I have discussed what kind of activities I have done describes in details in Supply Chain Department. Material sourcing, Purchasing & procurement, Inventory, in housing etc. In the terms of Sourcing I have basically discussed about the Executive Search of materials from the Supplier. In ISML supplier relationship is very confidential. In case of training I have tried to explain the different area of Sourcing. These are: current price of materials, how to get quality material with a minimum cost. In the methodology I have mentioned 30 population size and 7 sample size.In recommendations how the industry can improve and also give some suggestions. In this report the problems, scope, limitations and various analyses are also done. In this report I have also tried to analyze the benefits of these services as well as my learning from the organization. From my personal view the learning aspect was fruitful and the experience there will help me in the future. I have learnt many aspects of MM, working with different sections of the company. Mainly working with SCM and Warehouse of the company was a great learning oopportunity.This mearns the information of this report has been collected from company database and company past record files. Also data collected from Human Resource Manual and textbooks from various libraries. Primary data analysis: Fo r the main prospect of my report I have decided to use primary data analysis. For this I have structured a small survey using the â€Å"descriptive research design† in the perspective of Material Management department of the company. I also interviewed my supervisor Monowar Hossain, Head of Material Management, ISML. The research itself is both the mixture of Quantitative & Qualitative research:In the qualitative part it is an unstructured, exploratory research methodology based on small samples indented to provide insight and understanding of the Material Management department’s aactivity. But in case of qualitative side I have used structured questioner method and used standard sample size from the population of the whole Material Management department. As I have mentioned before the research design I have used in this analysis is â€Å"Descriptive Research Design† Under descriptive research design we know there are two types of methods are normally used they are: . Survey method 2. Observation method For my analysis I have used the survey method. This method works by obtaining information based on questioning of respondents. Respondents are asked a vvariety of questions regarding their behavior, intentions, attitudes, awareness and motivations. Question are basically asked either Verbally or in writing or both in same time. In this case I have decided to use the structured questioner format and asked the questions both verb ally and allowed them to write the aanswers.I followed also the observation method, where I have learned many things by the official environments and colleagues. Observation also based on personal experiences shared by the fellow in the Group. 1. 3 Scope The report is totally based on material management I mean supply chain management. We know it’s a department of ISML. Here I've discussed about all the materials for manufacturing garments I mean manufacturing a shirt. I also discussed about producing company of all that materials. I mentioned their price and competitive price in the market.I include here both international and local supplier company. 1. 4 Limitations # The study is undertaken considering ins and outs of the Material Management practices based on the Supply Chain Management of Interfab Shirt Manufacturing Ltd. and on personal experiences shared by the fellow in the Group. Personal biases and inconsistencies in the MM Manual with the current practices may be possible setbacks. # A relatively short period of internship may also be a reason to possibly overlook certain Misunderstandings or unfound details that may be of valued importance. Unavailability of data could be due to engagement of the current employees in Viyellatex Group. Experienced employees could have provided the required data. ? A good number of entrepreneurs are themselves ignorant about using the MM policies not only to source materials, but also to purchase and procure them. Due to shortage of time and oo pportunity collected data could not be possible to compare with the data from other entrepreneurs. ? Data collection was complicated due to high turnover rate. Turnover ratio calculation was not possible due to poor record keeping. CHAPTER-2

How does Priestly present Shelia Birling? Essay

In the play â€Å"An Inspector Calls† by J.B.Priestly, Shelia Birling is presented as being honest, perceptive and open to Socialist ideas. Her presentation changes as the play progresses and she changes from naà ¯ve innocence to a more mature and pro-socialist woman with a deep understanding of her capitalistic society’s flaws. At the start of the play, Shelia is portrayed as being naà ¯ve and oblivious to the struggles of the working class, but she shows remorse when her own guilt is exposed. The stage directions tell us that she is â€Å"very pleased with life† and is young, attractive and has just become engaged. However, she does not know about the struggles of the working class and soon expresses horror at her father’s treatment of Eva Smith. Although she has probably never before considered the impact of her decisions on the working class, she shows compassion immediately she hears of Eva Smith’s death. She first exclaims â€Å"How horrible!† and proceeds to tell her father â€Å"But these girls aren’t cheap labour – they’re people.† However, when the Inspector reveals Shelia’s role in causing the chain of events that lead to Eva Smith’s suicide, Shelia is horrified by her own part in Eva’s story and is moved to tears. She feels full of guilt for her jealous actions and blames herself as â€Å"really responsible.† Shelia acknowledges her blame and admits to her jealousy actions, marking her as more progressive and open-minded than the older generation consisting of her parents. Shelia is starting to change and becomes increasingly sympathetic and pro-socialist as the play progresses. As the Play continues, Sheila is presented as being increasingly perceptive and we can see this when after her interrogation, she changes and in a sense begins to adopt the Inspector’s character. When the Inspector starts questioning Gerald and Mrs Birling, Shelia not only insists on watching, but also helps the Inspector by filling in minor details and asking questions of her own. We can see this shortly before Gerald’s questioning, Shelia tells the Inspector â€Å"I don’t understand about you† then â€Å"she stares at him [The Inspector] wonderingly and dubiously† and when Mrs Birling enters â€Å"briskly and self-confidently, quite out of touch with the little scene†¦ Shelia feels this at once. † Shelia is also the first one to realise the Inspector’s semi- omniscience, saying that â€Å"No, he’s giving us the rope – so that we’ll hang ourselves.† Shelia insists that Mrs Birling must not â€Å"build a wall between us and the girl† as â€Å"the Inspector will just break it down,† The effect of these stage directions and dialogue, is to emphasise how Shelia is becoming increasingly perceptive and begins to see through her family’s translucency. We can tell that Shelia is becoming increasingly perceptive and can see how the entire family is involved in this scandal. – Sheila acknowledges the Inspector’s. Realises everyone is to blame, and by not accepting the blame they are digging their own graves. Superior to her family in the sense that the knowledge has hit her; she knows that her family have done wrong. You not only knew her but you knew her very well.† – Perceptive; Knows that everyone is to blame; becomes perceptive. already aware of her actions and how they are wrong. She is willing to change her views but there is a sense of holding back throughout the play, like how she feels the need to share the blame. This is her internal conflict between the views she has been brought up with and the views she knows are right. Priestley uses Sheila to show how the younger generation can change views & realise their mistakes. Shelia’s transformation from an immature girl to an emphatic and mature woman during the course of the play is used as evidence that the younger generation can stop and prevent tragedies such as Eva Smith’s death from happening. Priestly uses Shelia to show that people can change from their capitalistic and materialistic society. ways to a more Socialist and equal society. He does this by showing all the disadvantages of following the capitalist ways by using Sheila as an example and by this, it makes the audience realise the way they are living has a serious effect on the working class (the death of eva smith) and that they should change their ways (like Sheila did) and they will have more sense of morality in their conscience. She admits her guilt, saying that â€Å"It was my own fault† and â€Å"I’ll never, never do anything †

Government Roles in Healthcare Essay

The government which consists of federal, state and local combined has many important roles in the U.S healthcare system. One of the roles in which the government provides is finance. It is estimated that 48% of healthcare was paid for by public dollars in 2008, which included Medicare, Medicaid, state and local health programs, CHIP, and Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs (Yesalis,Holt,& Politzer,2012). Federal and State governments jointly fund Medicaid, long term mental health services, community health centers and public health programs. The next important role that the government plays in the healthcare system is delivering healthcare to patients. Some examples of healthcare delivery would be the Department of Veterans Affairs which is a federal government operated facility which provides healthcare for veterans. There are hospitals and healthcare facilities which are located on military bases which are run by the federal government that are available for our military service members. There are also federal or state run government healthcare facilities which provide healthcare for uninsured or low income families for little or no cost. The Indian Health Service is another program which is run by the federal government that offers healthcare to American Indians as well. The government also has the role of regulating healthcare. One of the things that the federal government regulates is Medicare and Medicaid providers. State governments are usually more involved when it comes to regulation of healthcare. They regulate things such as: establishing health codes, regulating the insurance industry, and license health care personnel and facilities. The state government works alongside with local health departments to perform other functions as well. Some examples of these are vital statistics, mental health services, and environmental health. References: Yesalis, C., Holt, H., & Politzer, R. (2012). Fundamentals of U.S. Healthcare. Retrieved from http://wow.coursesmart.com/9781428317352/firstsection#

Index Funds and Mutual Funds

Whether money is be the root cause of evil or not, I don†t know. What I do know it that since the dawn of man, the concept of currency had been intimately intertwined with human society. It helps form the basis of governments, and most laws. The world stock market is where these global force that powers our atomic age society merges into a complex matrix of financial void; opportunity in it†s most complex form. The raw power of the stock market that can either bring a man to rapid success, or completely ruin him. Two of the prominent worlds of the stock market are the topic for this research paper: Index Funds and regular mutual funds. To my horror, these two terms are incredibly vague words and each have many different parts with their own specific characteristics. I will be comparing and contrasting the over shared characteristics of both kinds of stock market investing. Let us begin by explaining what both these terms actually mean. Indexing, in its simplest form, means buying all of the stocks, bonds or other instrument of a market, or asset class, instead of trying to pick winners and losers. Index investors are content with the average performance of a market. When they invest, they buy all an amount of all the stocks within the index with the knowledge that some individual stocks will gain and some will lose. The hope and assumption is when investing in index funds, that the overall net change of all the stocks in the index average out to a gain. This is usually the case as the normal trend for a market is to gradually climb. Index investors are skeptical that on average a money manager can improve on the average performance without raising risk. They are even more skeptical after fees are subtracted. The best known index, the Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500), is a collection of the top 500 major US stocks. However there are dozens of others, including the Euro Top 100, the largest European stocks; EAFE, a broad global index of companies from numerous countries; and the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index, a collection of government and commercial bonds. Other names for index investing include â€Å"asset class investing† and â€Å"passive investing.† As the name suggests, passive investing is basically a no brainier. The philosophy is not to worry about what individual stocks will gain or lose but to place your risks on the market as a whole. An asset class is simply a category of investment, such as stocks or bonds. No surprises – You instantly know whether your gaining or losing as your profits are based on the overall conditions of the market, or at least the section of the market you invested in. With an actively managed mutual fund investment, you may not know until the very end that the fund manager just lost you or gained you a great deal of free money. Low maintenance – No thinking required. In this sense its kinda like a slot machine just on a much larger scale and on a slot machine†¦ you never win. There is no debating over which stocks to buy, for how long to keep them. Your money stays put; you always know where it is unlike mutual funds where its always being shuffled around. Low Taxes – Taxes on distributions among shareholders is significantly less with index funds as opposed to mutual funds. This saves time and money. Low Expenses – Stock managers charge money. The better they are, the more they charge which boils down to the more you make, the more is taken out of you profit. The average general stock fund takes 1.5% of your assets each year for expenses. Some funds charge much more. The average index fund charges only 0.46%, which means more of your money, is left behind. Lower risk – As you invest in an index, your stocks are generalized throughout the market. This diversification holds a lower risk then picking out individual stocks yourself. Average returns – Investing in an index fund means you'll never beat the market. You'll never even match it, since fund expenses will knock a little off your returns. And even though most actively managed mutual funds don't beat the market over time, a few managers have consistently posted outstanding performances. No downside protection – Mutual fund managers often increase their holdings of bonds and cash if they think the market is poised to fall. Index funds offer no such safeguards: If the market plunges, you'll go down with it. That's why most financial planners say index funds are best suited for long-term investors who can ride out dips in the market. High minimums – While index funds generally have low expenses, you may need a lot of money to get started. For example the Vanguard fund requires an initial investment of $3,000 to go into one of its popular index funds; other funds require $1,000 to $5,000. And once you're in, it might be expensive to get out: Many index funds charge a fee to investors who don't hold onto their shares at least a year, or more. No fun – Like I said, it†s a no-brainer. Which means you sit and watch your money travel up and down a little red line on you television screen while watching CSPAN. Not as exciting as getting the newspaper the next day and finding out your fund just quintupled. A mutual fund is a company that combines, or pools, investors' money and, generally, purchases stocks and/or bonds. Ideally, a fund's size and efficiency, combined with experienced management, provide advantages for investors that include diversification, expert stock and bond selection, low costs, and convenience. In terms of legal structure, a mutual fund is a corporation that receives preferential tax treatment under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The most common type of mutual fund, called an open-end fund, allows investors to buy and sell stock in it on an ongoing basis. The mutual fund issues shares of stock to investors in exchange for cash. However, unlike most cooperations do, mutual funds don†t issue a set amount of shares; new shares are issued as each new investment is made. Investors thus become part owners of the fund itself, and thereby the assets of the fund. The fund, in turn, uses investors' cash to purchase securities, such as stocks and bonds. This makes up the majority of the assets that the fund makes for itself. There are two main types of mutual funds, a load and no-load fund. Basically speaking, a load fund is one that has a sales charge, and a no-load does not. Those that do have sales charges simply add them on to the net asset value of the fund, thus coming up with a new, higher offering price per share. The underlying values of the fund†s shares do not change. An investor selling shares will still receive only the net asset value. A no-load fund is simpler. The net asset value is used for both the purchase price and the selling price. Therefore, the two prices are always the same. Diversification – As opposed to independent stock investing. Your money is more diversified but not as Cost – Again, as opposed to individual investing. Funds usually have trading cost discounts and can spread internal cost over the large shareholder base. Professional Management – You have a professional fund manager who watches the stock and decides where it should go and when it should go there. Tax planning difficult – because the timing of taxable distribution is uncertain. You cannot choose the sale dates for yourself and therefore there is much uncertainty on when your taxable distributions are made. Uncertainty – For competitive reasons with other mutual funds, the funds usually don†t disclose the report of a transaction until after its been made. This leaves you constantly one step behind in knowing where you money is. Manager changes – A fund can all of a sudden change a manager which you will not find out about in a timely manner. You don†t know who†s handling your money and have little control over it yourself.

ATOD Personal Theoretical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ATOD Personal Theoretical Paper - Essay Example As such, there is a need for prevention and treatment to avoid the condition to worsen and eventually, destroy certain parts of the body, such as the liver and kidney. Aside from its effects on a biological perspective, drug abuse also has a greater impact in the social and psychological aspects of the patient. And with this comes different perspectives interpreting the condition of drug abuse. The psychosocial aspect impacted by the condition has created several theories that allow the patient, the family and the society to understand the effects of such condition. Drug abuse is not something that affects the patient alone but it has a way of dragging the immediate circle of people that the patient is in contact with. It also extends to the people of the society since drug abuse has become a nationwide issue because of the number of cases that are reported. A recent popular approach to the study of drug abuse is the biopsychosocial approach. Compared to psychological approach, which sees drug abuse as a condition wherein the patient attaches itself to drug abuse to deal with personal needs and conflicts, the biological approach, which see drug abuse as a tendency of the body to crave for the dependency on the effects of the drugs abused, and social approach, which interprets drug abuse as something that is related to social conflicts and the need to belong, the biopsychosocial approach interprets drug abuse as a condition that combines and interrelates all three approaches. It does not deny or attempt to isolate the factors and the effects of drug abuse. It in fact seeks to understand how it creates a circular pattern that connects all three approaches. It is not a general approach to understanding drug abuse but is a specific approach that aims to see the different factors affecting all processes of the human mind and body. It may see m like a grand approach to understanding the condition and yes, it could be when interpreted wrongly. But

Dimensions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dimensions - Essay Example Furthermore, he categorizes people as monochromic or polychromic people. Monochromic people denote individuals who do one thing before another and are often not easily distractible when doing something. In addition, they are committed to work and respect deadlines. Polychromic people Finally, Hall talks about proxemics in the cultural dimensions. He insists that there exists a public space, personal space, social space, and intimate space which everyone has to aware and watch them so that one can know when to and when not to intrude ones space. Choose one or more of the cultural dimensions discussed in this week’s lecture and your reading so far (i.e., Hall, Hofstede, Trompenaars, House, Schwartz, etc.), and reflect on where you think you would place on that dimension’s continuum, and how that might impact your behaviour and attitudes working in a multicultural team where some members are quite different on that

The Nuremberg Trials Sentencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Nuremberg Trials Sentencing - Essay Example All this was happening after World War II, at a time when the world was coming to terms with the presence of human rights and civil liberties. This paper will examine the political heads and military leaders that had a part to play in the death of innocent Jews, and their fate after the verdicts were made after the initial IMT (International Military Tribunal). Twenty-four men were to face trial, but only twenty-one stood before the court to prove their innocence. Subsequent hearings were for judges, doctors, and the military in that region to prove whether they were guilty of the crimes. This group was identified as the second-tier and after a lot of deliberation, the guilty parties received much lesser punishment than their predecessors in the IMT. During that time in German’s history, the military had might and carried out activities and operations that may not have been permitted in this day (Evans 82). The Chief Prosecutor, Frencz B. Benjamin, during his time in the regio n admitted to letting some things pass unnoticed like the burning alive of an individual. This was meant to be an undercover task to evaluate the practices of the military in the region. It was during these subsequent hearings that a significant number of individuals were sentenced to prison. Brigadier Telford Taylor, Chief of Council for the prosecution, ensured that trials were carried out in the regions that still required the court’s attention. The growing differences between the allied forces made it more difficult to have control over the court. However, the Control Council Law ensured that trials were conducted without the presence of all the members of the allied forces. These trials may have found the second-tier parties guilty, but the sentences they were handed may not have been befitting (Evans 93). This was according to some parties that thought they were handed lesser punishment than what they actually deserved. The military personnel indicted by the courts were thought to have violated their code of conduct and ethics. They, therefore, could not be given a dignified death according to some of the parties present in the sentencing of these groups. Death by hanging was familiar in that time, and it is alleged that it was agonizing and painful as some of the parties had to struggle during strangulation for 14 to 28 minutes before they died (Ehrenfreund 145). Some saw this as well-deserved, as death through firing squad, as was the case during that time, would have been much dignified. Top ranking military officials were tried during the first IMT, but the subsequent hearings may have been for the lesser individuals that actually played a part in the persecution of innocent individuals. Twelve subsequent trials were carried out after the first International Military Tribunal, and the judges’ trial was the third. Josef Altstotter, Hermann Cuhorst, Herbert Klemm, Wolfgang Mettgenberg, Hans Peterson, and Curt Rothenberger were among some of the parties indicted during the subsequent trials (Ehrenfreund 167). Some of the mentioned parties were acquitted of the charges while others faced life imprisonment. It is evident that the subsequent trials conducted were for groups that were much lower in rank than the previous group, which paved the way for the tribunals. The military and this group of judges were

Supramolecular polymer based on hydrogen bonding Essay

Supramolecular polymer based on hydrogen bonding - Essay Example This will lead to the development of inexpensive procedure affording urea based monomers acting the terminals of the chains. According to H1 NMR both 2-(4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido) phenyl)acetic acid and 4-(4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)butanoic acid were impossible to purify using recrystallization. However, the same method of purification was successful in case of using 4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)benzoic acid as a substrate for purificalion. This purified product was taken on to the next step where the transformation from benzoic acid derivative into two electron acceptor group was conducted introducing tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Subsequent polymer formation was achieved through self-assembly process between two electron donating group of urea and two electron accepting group of the previously synthesized benzoic acid salt. 2) Conclusions The research provided an account on the supramolecular chemistry of a set of 1-(3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-phenylurea derivatives. It was motivated by the extraordinary chemistry manifested by supramolecular polymers based on hydrogen bonding. The work pointed out to the substantial differences between the obtained substrates. First of all, 2-(4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)acetic acid and 4-(4-(3-(3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)butanoic acid contained impurities which were impossible to remove using recrystallization. In both cases two purification attempts were made, both unsuccessful. On the other hand the same technique was applicable in purifying 4-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)benzoic acid. This fact leads to the conclusion that purification method should be changed in case of the first two derivatives should the synthesis be repeated. For example, flash column chromatography would be an attractive alternative. To conclude, an inexpensive and efficient method that allowed the production of urea based monomers was developed. The reaction affords excellent yields and the process is easy to carry out. Because tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and inorganic bases can be compared in their basic properties, it was possible to obtain the salt of the required monomer in an excellent 70% yield. The work is partly successful and due to time limits it was not possible to repeat each step again. It raised important question which will form the bases of the future work. 3) Future work First of all, in future, it is important to find efficient methods of purification products achieved in experiment one and two. By doing that it will be possible, comparing the yield, draw conclusions about formation of the intermediates. The produced intermediates will be transformed into supramolecular polymer substrates chain-stopping properties of which will be investigated. As it is seen from the first three experiments the only difference between substrates is the number of carbon atoms in the chain next to the benzen e ring. For this reason it will be possible to draw conclusions between viscosity of the formed suprapolymer and the number of carbon atoms. Solutions of the mentioned polymers are known to have high viscosity and their rheological behaviour is different in case of different polymers. For example, it was established that polymers containing ureidopyrimidinone units are different from those

The movie style of David Fincher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The movie style of David Fincher - Essay Example Quotations from the film have been cited independently in the bibliography. Fincher’s choice and portrayal of protagonists merit some attention. Frequently, his lead characters are men in a stressful or otherwise unfulfilling job, at odds with the world they inhabit, and with complex and unstable psychologies. Detective William Somerset in Seven is on the verge of retiring from a long career in the police. He repeatedly speaks about the oppressive nature of the city he lives in and how he would like to travel ‘far [a]way from here’. In Fight Club, the unnamed protagonist suffers from insomnia and has to join a slew of support groups to feel like a victim and find his emotional release. He is later revealed to be suffering from Split Personality Disorder as well. In Zodiac, the cartoonist-detective becomes obsessed with trying to solve the Zodiac’s codes and can think of nothing else, leading his second wife to leave him. The Game features millionaire Nicholas Van Orton, who, in his brother’s words, was ‘becoming such an asshole’ that he needed an extraordinarily complex and dangerous prank played on him for him to be able to feel again. The Social Network also fictionalises its real-life lead Mark Zuckerberg as someone not really ‘likeable’. Film critic James Lewis Hoberman, in his review of The Social Network, describes the character as ‘a sort of mildly autistic Sammy Glick with a grim 1,000-yard glare’. In the movie itself, the final lines are also directed at Zuckerberg’s character: ‘Youre not an asshole, Mark. Youre just trying so hard to be one’. The social and psychological alienation of his protagonists then, are a recurrent feature in Fincher’s films. Another thematic concern that pervades Fincher’s oeuvre is contemporary society as a locus of apathy and emotional numbness. In Seven, Somerset repeatedly expresses his dissatisfaction with the society he inhabits

Summary and review of Selma movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary and of Selma - Movie Review Example In the movie, Ava DuVernay narrates the story of how King and his family created a transformation that changed the American history forever. The movie is a representation of the ancient darker days experienced by black Americans. The message ends with promises that terror will never be accepted or celebrated. Apart from depicting the advancement of change, Selma shows stunted evolution. It is a reminder that history is necessary to avoid making mistakes. The story gives an outline of both the ancient times and the way forward. While representing King, Oyelowo becomes a revelation in the movie. For instance, he brings out the spirit of his character instead of a visual interpretation. He brings out the image of the King as an exhausted man with the task of creating change and then combines it with disobedience, comedy, strength, and calculated expertise. Oyelowo’s outstanding performance depicts King as a complicated and imperfect person whose belief in God prevented him from experiencing absolute despair. This touching film intends to irritate, depress, and inspire the

Research Utilization Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Utilization - Research Paper Example This happens in different forms and kinds, including in the breast. Cancer that affects the breast is called breast cancer. This is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer. Although breast cancer is said to have been first reported in Egypt around 122 B.C, there are no accurate statistics that can clearly prove its earliest reported cases. However, according to the journal, Phenomenal Woman, Hippocrates was the first to give a logical and medical explanation of breast cancer in 460 B.C (2008). This development was further expanded by the works of Galen at around 200 A.D. Since then, more studies and medical research have been done to discover explicit knowledge about the disease. Breast cancer is caused by a number of factors commonly called breast cancer risk factors. Breast Cancer Breast cancer is one of the types of cancers. It manifests itself in the breast. It originates from the milk ducts or lobules of the breast. Although it typically occurs in women, breast cancer can also attack men as well. Breast cancer occurs in the form of a lump on the breast or the side of an armpit. This lump contains thick tissue which is not uniform with the rest of the breast tissue. It can be noticed by simply touching the breast gently to feel the thickness of its inner tissue. Another way of detecting breast cancer is through the observation of any abnormal growth or development in the breast. Such abnormalities are physically observable features of a breast. For instance, some breast cancer cells cause the nipple of one breast to be inverted in such a way that it seems to grow towards the inside of the breast rather than the normal way of growing towards the outside. There could also be skin dimpling or change in skin color at the part of the breast where cancer has attacked the breast tissue. One of the breast cancer risk factors is the transfer of genes responsible for certain types of cancers from parent to child. Breast cancer can be passed from a child bearer to t he baby. This means that the breast cancer cells can be passed from one generation to another through the genes. In such cases, if a mother or father has breast cancer cells, then they can be passed to their offspring or to subsequent generations of their offspring. Another major cause of breast cancer is contributed to lifestyle. This means that the way people conduct their day to day activities has an influence on their chances of getting or preventing breast cancer. Smoking of tobacco has been identified as one of the major lifestyle causes of breast cancer. Lack of breast feeding after child birth also increases a woman’s chances of suffering from breast cancer. In addition to that, abortion also increases the chances of a woman suffering from breast cancer. A poorly conducted abortion procedure can easily result in breast cancer. Breast cancer is typically classified on a number of bases. For instance, when classified according to origin, we have ductal cancer and lobula r cancer. Ductal originates from milk ducts while lobular cancer originates from lobules. When classified according to the stage of the development and spread of the cancer cells, the TNM system is used. The level T is when the cancer cells have only attacked the armpit. The level N is when the cancer cells have spread from the armpits to the whole breast while the level M is when the cancer

A View From A Bridge Coursework Essay Example for Free

A View From A Bridge Coursework Essay Explore the dramatic use of Alfieri in A view from the Bridge. What is his dramatic significance in the play? Arthur Miller was an American playwright, essayist and author. He was born in New York City on October 17th 1915. He lived with his mother and father, who were Jewish, in New York City. His father was a womens clothing manufacturer while his mother was a schoolteacher. The family were rich until the stock market crash of 1929 when they lost most of their money. They were then forced to move into Brooklyn, a very poor district where a lot of legal and illegal immigrants lived and where a lot of crime would happen. Miller used to do a variety of jobs so that his parents could afford to send him to college. In 1947 Miller wrote his first play, All My Sons which won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. Two of his most well-known plays are The Crucible and Death of a Salesman. The play I will be covering is called A view from the Bridge which was written in 1955. The idea behind it was influenced by a story Miller heard while he was working on the docks. A view from the Bridge is set in Brooklyn, following the life of the main character Eddie Carbone who was the husband to Beatrice and uncle to Catherine. When Beatrices cousins, Rodolfo and Marco, arrived in Brooklyn as illegal immigrants from Italy; this was when the trouble started. The other main character was Alfieri; he was a narrator, telling the story of Eddie Carbones life. The reason for the play having the name A view from the Bridge was because it contained the good and the bad. Eddie was jealous of Rodolfo and Catherine as he was trying to sabotage their ideas of marriage whilst Catherine and Rodolfo wanted to get married because they loved each other. Alfieri was standing on the bridge looking over, watching the argument flare out until its disastrous conclusion, ending in death. Miller started the play with Alfieri, the narrator. This was because of Alfieris importance. Theoretically, Alfieri was telling a story that had already happened to the audience. It was important to let the audience know that this story was a circular plot. Alfieri started the play with his first soliloquy. He was walking to his office when he saw a couple of long shore men. You wouldnt have known it but something amusing has just happened. See how uneasily they nod to me? Thats because I am a lawyer were only thought of in connection with disasters and theyd rather not get too close. Here Alfieri showed that he was observant because he realized what had happened even though nobody else did. He also told the audience who he was; he was a lawyer so this must mean that he was a very intelligent man. Additionally, he commented on how people treated him because of his job. You only go to lawyers if something bad has happened e. g. murder or family rows. The long shore men nodded to him uneasily which suggests that they distrusted him. A lawyer means the law Here Alfieri has introduced the first main theme in the play: Law. I am inclined to notice the ruins of in things, perhaps because I was born in Italy. Alfieri told the audience that he was observant. He noticed the bad things that maybe others cold not see. He said it was because he was born in Italy. From this we can assume that Italy was a very poor place which meant that Alfieri was used to seeing the bad things because of his life in Italy, which also means that life in Brooklyn was similar to yet better than Italy, so many more Italians would already be in Brooklyn or wanting to move to there. Frankie Yale himself was cut precisely in half by a machine gun on the corner of Union Street Alfieri was mentioning past events, this sentence also builds tension, it explained that Brooklyn was a very poor district where crime was not unusual. He then went on to say: Oh, there were many here who were justly shot by unjust men. This suggests that a lot of dishonest men were rightfully killed; however, the killers were dishonest themselves so the killers had no right to kill the other person. Justice is very important here. This sentence brings in the second main theme to the play: Justice. The whole play is going to be revolving around the idea of law and justice. This is the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. This is the gullet of New York swallowing the tonnage of the world Now we settle for half, and I like it better. I no longer keep a pistol in my filling cabinet. Here Alfieri was setting the scene, describing how horrible Brooklyn was, it was the lowest of the low, it was making New York look like a bad place, the use of personification is very effective because it referred to Brooklyn as the throat of New York where all the atrocious things in the world happened. Alfieri settled for half, as when he first arrived in Brooklyn, there was a lot of crime, but now there was only half of what it used to be, which was an improvement. And my practice is entirely unromantic people in this neighborhood lack elegance and glamour and yet every year there is still a case, and as the parties tell me what the trouble is, the flat air in my office suddenly washes in with the green scent of the sea, the dust in this air is blown away Alfieri had mentioned that usually his job was boring and mundane where nothing exciting happened. He had to deal with petty family complaints. However, he did get cases which were quite unlike his normal day to day complaints. As he mentioned this fact we could see that the play was going to involve one of those unusual complaints.